Venus Holds Warning for Earth

Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM8Z7OWXGG_index_0.html

A mysterious high-altitude layer of sulphur dioxide discovered by ESA's
Venus Express has been explained. As well as telling us more about
Venus, it could be a warning against injecting our atmosphere with
sulphur droplets to mitigate climate change.

Venus is blanketed in sulphuric acid clouds that block our view of the
surface. The clouds form at altitudes of 50-70 km when sulphur dioxide
from volcanoes combines with water vapour to make sulphuric acid
droplets. Any remaining sulphur dioxide should be destroyed rapidly by
the intense solar radiation above 70 km.

So the detection of a sulphur dioxide layer at 90-110 km by ESA's Venus
Express orbiter in 2008 posed a complete mystery. Where did that sulphur
dioxide come from?

Now, computer simulations by Xi Zhang, California Institute of
Technology, USA, and colleagues from America, France and Taiwan show
that some sulphuric acid droplets may evaporate at high altitude,
freeing gaseous sulphuric acid that is then broken apart by sunlight,
releasing sulphur dioxide gas.

"We had not expected the high-altitude sulphur layer, but now we can
explain our measurements," says HÃ¥kan Svedhem, ESA's Venus Express
Project Scientist.

"However, the new findings also mean that the atmospheric sulphur cycle
is more complicated than we thought."

As well as adding to our knowledge of Venus, this new understanding may
be warning us that proposed ways of mitigating climate change on Earth
may not be as effective as originally thought.

Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen has recently advocated injecting
artificially large quantities of sulphur dioxide into Earth's atmosphere
at around 20 km to counteract the global warming resulting from
increased greenhouse gases.

The proposal stems from observations of powerful volcanic eruptions, in
particular the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines that
shot sulphur dioxide up into Earth's atmosphere. Reaching 20 km in
altitude, the gas formed small droplets of concentrated sulphuric acid,
like those found in Venus' clouds, which then spread around Earth. The
droplets created a haze layer that reflected some of the Sun's rays back
into space, cooling the whole planet by about 0.5 degrees C.

However, the new work on the evaporation of sulphuric acid on Venus
suggests that such attempts at cooling our planet may not be as
successful as first thought, because we do not know how quickly the
initially protective haze will be converted back into gaseous sulphuric
acid: this is transparent and so allows all the Sun's rays through.

"We must study in great detail the potential consequences of such an
artificial sulphur layer in the atmosphere of Earth," says Jean-Loup
Bertaux, Universite de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France, Principal
Investigator of the SPICAV sensor on Venus Express. "Venus has an
enormous layer of such droplets, so anything that we learn about those
clouds is likely to be relevant to any geo-engineering of our own planet."

In effect, nature is doing the experiment for us and Venus Express
allows us to learn the lessons before experimenting with our own world.

Volumnous Venusian Thank You to Ron Baalke of sci.space.news !

Happy days *and*...
Starry, starry nights !

--
Space so scary, quite contrary,
How does your nothing grow?
A just as hairy corollary...
How does your nothing flow?

http://www.spaceflow.sk/

Indelibly yours,
Paine Ellsworth

PS - http://painellsworth.net !
http://www.secretsgolden.com !
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Paine_Ellsworth !

On Dec 2, 4:06*pm, "Painius" wrote:
Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM8Z7OWXGG_index_0.html

A mysterious high-altitude layer of sulphur dioxide discovered by ESA's
Venus Express has been explained. As well as telling us more about
Venus, it could be a warning against injecting our atmosphere with
sulphur droplets to mitigate climate change.

Venus is blanketed in sulphuric acid clouds that block our view of the
surface. The clouds form at altitudes of 50-70 km when sulphur dioxide
from volcanoes combines with water vapour to make sulphuric acid
droplets. Any remaining sulphur dioxide should be destroyed rapidly by
the intense solar radiation above 70 km.

So the detection of a sulphur dioxide layer at 90-110 km by ESA's Venus
Express orbiter in 2008 posed a complete mystery. Where did that sulphur
dioxide come from?

Now, computer simulations by Xi Zhang, California Institute of
Technology, USA, and colleagues from America, France and Taiwan show
that some sulphuric acid droplets may evaporate at high altitude,
freeing gaseous sulphuric acid that is then broken apart by sunlight,
releasing sulphur dioxide gas.

"We had not expected the high-altitude sulphur layer, but now we can
explain our measurements," says Håkan Svedhem, ESA's Venus Express
Project Scientist.

"However, the new findings also mean that the atmospheric sulphur cycle
is more complicated than we thought."

As well as adding to our knowledge of Venus, this new understanding may
be warning us that proposed ways of mitigating climate change on Earth
may not be as effective as originally thought.

Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen has recently advocated injecting
artificially large quantities of sulphur dioxide into Earth's atmosphere
at around 20 km to counteract the global warming resulting from
increased greenhouse gases.

The proposal stems from observations of powerful volcanic eruptions, in
particular the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines that
shot sulphur dioxide up into Earth's atmosphere. Reaching 20 km in
altitude, the gas formed small droplets of concentrated sulphuric acid,
like those found in Venus' clouds, which then spread around Earth. The
droplets created a haze layer that reflected some of the Sun's rays back
into space, cooling the whole planet by about 0.5 degrees C.

However, the new work on the evaporation of sulphuric acid on Venus
suggests that such attempts at cooling our planet may not be as
successful as first thought, because we do not know how quickly the
initially protective haze will be converted back into gaseous sulphuric
acid: this is transparent and so allows all the Sun's rays through.

"We must study in great detail the potential consequences of such an
artificial sulphur layer in the atmosphere of Earth," says Jean-Loup
Bertaux, Universite de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France, Principal
Investigator of the SPICAV sensor on Venus Express. "Venus has an
enormous layer of such droplets, so anything that we learn about those
clouds is likely to be relevant to any geo-engineering of our own planet."

In effect, nature is doing the experiment for us and Venus Express
allows us to learn the lessons before experimenting with our own world.

Volumnous Venusian Thank You to Ron Baalke of sci.space.news !

Happy days *and*...
* *Starry, starry nights !

--
Space so scary, quite contrary,
* How does your nothing grow?
A just as hairy corollary...
* How does your nothing flow?

* *http://www.spaceflow.sk/

Indelibly yours,
Paine Ellsworth

PS -http://painellsworth.net!
* * * * *http://www.secretsgolden.com!
* * * * * * * * *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Paine_Ellsworth!

Other than infomercial spewing for a buck; what did you have to do
with any of this science interpretation?

~ BG

On Dec 4, 6:03*am, HVAC wrote:
On 12/2/2010 4:06 PM, Painius wrote:

Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

In the future PLEASE do not troll Guthtard.



http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM8Z7OWXGG_index_0.html

A mysterious high-altitude layer of sulphur dioxide discovered by ESA's
Venus Express has been explained. As well as telling us more about
Venus, it could be a warning against injecting our atmosphere with
sulphur droplets to mitigate climate change.

Venus is blanketed in sulphuric acid clouds that block our view of the
surface. The clouds form at altitudes of 50-70 km when sulphur dioxide
from volcanoes combines with water vapour to make sulphuric acid
droplets. Any remaining sulphur dioxide should be destroyed rapidly by
the intense solar radiation above 70 km.

So the detection of a sulphur dioxide layer at 90-110 km by ESA's Venus
Express orbiter in 2008 posed a complete mystery. Where did that sulphur
dioxide come from?

Now, computer simulations by Xi Zhang, California Institute of
Technology, USA, and colleagues from America, France and Taiwan show
that some sulphuric acid droplets may evaporate at high altitude,
freeing gaseous sulphuric acid that is then broken apart by sunlight,
releasing sulphur dioxide gas.

"We had not expected the high-altitude sulphur layer, but now we can
explain our measurements," says Håkan Svedhem, ESA's Venus Express
Project Scientist.

"However, the new findings also mean that the atmospheric sulphur cycle
is more complicated than we thought."

As well as adding to our knowledge of Venus, this new understanding may
be warning us that proposed ways of mitigating climate change on Earth
may not be as effective as originally thought.

Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen has recently advocated injecting
artificially large quantities of sulphur dioxide into Earth's atmosphere
at around 20 km to counteract the global warming resulting from
increased greenhouse gases.

The proposal stems from observations of powerful volcanic eruptions, in
particular the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines that
shot sulphur dioxide up into Earth's atmosphere. Reaching 20 km in
altitude, the gas formed small droplets of concentrated sulphuric acid,
like those found in Venus' clouds, which then spread around Earth. The
droplets created a haze layer that reflected some of the Sun's rays back
into space, cooling the whole planet by about 0.5 degrees C.

However, the new work on the evaporation of sulphuric acid on Venus
suggests that such attempts at cooling our planet may not be as
successful as first thought, because we do not know how quickly the
initially protective haze will be converted back into gaseous sulphuric
acid: this is transparent and so allows all the Sun's rays through.

"We must study in great detail the potential consequences of such an
artificial sulphur layer in the atmosphere of Earth," says Jean-Loup
Bertaux, Universite de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France, Principal
Investigator of the SPICAV sensor on Venus Express. "Venus has an
enormous layer of such droplets, so anything that we learn about those
clouds is likely to be relevant to any geo-engineering of our own planet."

In effect, nature is doing the experiment for us and Venus Express
allows us to learn the lessons before experimenting with our own world.

Volumnous Venusian Thank You to Ron Baalke of sci.space.news !

Happy days *and*...
* * Starry, starry nights !

In the future, please pay no attention to certified liars and ZNR/GOP
types like HVAC that always has to hide his/her true identity.

~ BG

On Dec 4, 7:19*am, HVAC wrote:
On 12/4/2010 3:15 AM, Brad Guth wrote:



Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

In the future PLEASE do not troll Guthtard.

In the future, please pay no attention to certified liars and ZNR/GOP
types like HVAC that always has to hide his/her true identity.

But Bradtard... I *must* hide my true identity.

If my true identity were to become public knowledge,
all my evil supervillain enemies would target my
family.

So where's the downside to that?

It's only you, Hagar and the likes of rabbi Saul Levy that want
nothing to ever change, at least not for the better.

~ BG

On 12/2/2010 4:06 PM, Painius wrote:
Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010


In the future PLEASE do not troll Guthtard.















http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM8Z7OWXGG_index_0.html

A mysterious high-altitude layer of sulphur dioxide discovered by ESA's
Venus Express has been explained. As well as telling us more about
Venus, it could be a warning against injecting our atmosphere with
sulphur droplets to mitigate climate change.

Venus is blanketed in sulphuric acid clouds that block our view of the
surface. The clouds form at altitudes of 50-70 km when sulphur dioxide
from volcanoes combines with water vapour to make sulphuric acid
droplets. Any remaining sulphur dioxide should be destroyed rapidly by
the intense solar radiation above 70 km.

So the detection of a sulphur dioxide layer at 90-110 km by ESA's Venus
Express orbiter in 2008 posed a complete mystery. Where did that sulphur
dioxide come from?

Now, computer simulations by Xi Zhang, California Institute of
Technology, USA, and colleagues from America, France and Taiwan show
that some sulphuric acid droplets may evaporate at high altitude,
freeing gaseous sulphuric acid that is then broken apart by sunlight,
releasing sulphur dioxide gas.

"We had not expected the high-altitude sulphur layer, but now we can
explain our measurements," says HÃ¥kan Svedhem, ESA's Venus Express
Project Scientist.

"However, the new findings also mean that the atmospheric sulphur cycle
is more complicated than we thought."

As well as adding to our knowledge of Venus, this new understanding may
be warning us that proposed ways of mitigating climate change on Earth
may not be as effective as originally thought.

Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen has recently advocated injecting
artificially large quantities of sulphur dioxide into Earth's atmosphere
at around 20 km to counteract the global warming resulting from
increased greenhouse gases.

The proposal stems from observations of powerful volcanic eruptions, in
particular the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines that
shot sulphur dioxide up into Earth's atmosphere. Reaching 20 km in
altitude, the gas formed small droplets of concentrated sulphuric acid,
like those found in Venus' clouds, which then spread around Earth. The
droplets created a haze layer that reflected some of the Sun's rays back
into space, cooling the whole planet by about 0.5 degrees C.

However, the new work on the evaporation of sulphuric acid on Venus
suggests that such attempts at cooling our planet may not be as
successful as first thought, because we do not know how quickly the
initially protective haze will be converted back into gaseous sulphuric
acid: this is transparent and so allows all the Sun's rays through.

"We must study in great detail the potential consequences of such an
artificial sulphur layer in the atmosphere of Earth," says Jean-Loup
Bertaux, Universite de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France, Principal
Investigator of the SPICAV sensor on Venus Express. "Venus has an
enormous layer of such droplets, so anything that we learn about those
clouds is likely to be relevant to any geo-engineering of our own planet."

In effect, nature is doing the experiment for us and Venus Express
allows us to learn the lessons before experimenting with our own world.

Volumnous Venusian Thank You to Ron Baalke of sci.space.news !

Happy days *and*...
Starry, starry nights !

On 12/4/2010 3:15 AM, Brad Guth wrote:


Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

In the future PLEASE do not troll Guthtard.


In the future, please pay no attention to certified liars and ZNR/GOP
types like HVAC that always has to hide his/her true identity.


But Bradtard... I *must* hide my true identity.

If my true identity were to become public knowledge,
all my evil supervillain enemies would target my
family.

My dearest "HVAC" wrote...
in message ...
On 12/4/2010 6:01 AM, Painius wrote:
My dearest wrote...
in message ...
On 12/2/2010 4:06 PM, Painius wrote:

Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

In the future PLEASE do not troll Guthtard.

You mean -- like you just did?

I objectively reports 'em as i sees 'em...

In the future, NEVER use the word 'Venus' in
the subject line of a post.

It's the only way to be sure.

All censors should be sucked through a jet engine.

It's the only way to be sure. g

Happy days *and*...
Starry, starry nights !

--
Ask the stars along the way,
What good is Love? the stars will say...

On your world so full of Hate
A little Love must sometimes wait.

Little or not, and come what may,
A little Love goes a long, long way...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we6NT1WxMTA

Indelibly yours,
Paine Ellsworth

PS - http://painellsworth.net !
http://www.secretsgolden.com !
http://selene.painellsworth.net !

On 12/4/2010 6:01 AM, Painius wrote:
My dearest wrote...
in message ...
On 12/2/2010 4:06 PM, Painius wrote:

Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

In the future PLEASE do not troll Guthtard.

You mean -- like you just did?

I objectively reports 'em as i sees 'em...


In the future, NEVER use the word 'Venus' in
the subject line of a post.



It's the only way to be sure.

On Dec 4, 7:34*am, "Painius" wrote:
My dearest "HVAC" wrote...
in ...



On 12/4/2010 6:01 AM, Painius wrote:
My dearest *wrote...
in ...
On 12/2/2010 4:06 PM, Painius wrote:

Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

In the future PLEASE do not troll Guthtard.

You mean -- like you just did?

I objectively reports 'em as i sees 'em...

In the future, NEVER use the word 'Venus' in
the subject line of a post.

It's the only way to be sure.

All censors should be sucked through a jet engine.

It's the only way to be sure. g

Happy days *and*...
* *Starry, starry nights !

--
Ask the stars along the way,
*What good is Love? the stars will say...

* On your world so full of Hate
* *A little Love must sometimes wait.

* * Little or not, and come what may,
* * *A little Love goes a long, long way...

* *http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we6NT1WxMTA

Indelibly yours,
Paine Ellsworth

PS -http://painellsworth.net!
* * * * *http://www.secretsgolden.com!
* * * * * * * * * *http://selene.painellsworth.net!

That would be a waste of a perfectly good jet engine, especially
considering how many ZNR rednecks that'll need to get sliced and
diced.

~ BG

On Dec 2, 4:06*pm, "Painius" wrote:
Venus Holds Warning for Earth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
30 November 2010

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM8Z7OWXGG_index_0.html

A mysterious high-altitude layer of sulphur dioxide discovered by ESA's
Venus Express has been explained. As well as telling us more about
Venus, it could be a warning against injecting our atmosphere with
sulphur droplets to mitigate climate change.

Venus is blanketed in sulphuric acid clouds that block our view of the
surface. The clouds form at altitudes of 50-70 km when sulphur dioxide
from volcanoes combines with water vapour to make sulphuric acid
droplets. Any remaining sulphur dioxide should be destroyed rapidly by
the intense solar radiation above 70 km.

So the detection of a sulphur dioxide layer at 90-110 km by ESA's Venus
Express orbiter in 2008 posed a complete mystery. Where did that sulphur
dioxide come from?

Now, computer simulations by Xi Zhang, California Institute of
Technology, USA, and colleagues from America, France and Taiwan show
that some sulphuric acid droplets may evaporate at high altitude,
freeing gaseous sulphuric acid that is then broken apart by sunlight,
releasing sulphur dioxide gas.

"We had not expected the high-altitude sulphur layer, but now we can
explain our measurements," says Håkan Svedhem, ESA's Venus Express
Project Scientist.

"However, the new findings also mean that the atmospheric sulphur cycle
is more complicated than we thought."

As well as adding to our knowledge of Venus, this new understanding may
be warning us that proposed ways of mitigating climate change on Earth
may not be as effective as originally thought.

Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen has recently advocated injecting
artificially large quantities of sulphur dioxide into Earth's atmosphere
at around 20 km to counteract the global warming resulting from
increased greenhouse gases.

The proposal stems from observations of powerful volcanic eruptions, in
particular the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines that
shot sulphur dioxide up into Earth's atmosphere. Reaching 20 km in
altitude, the gas formed small droplets of concentrated sulphuric acid,
like those found in Venus' clouds, which then spread around Earth. The
droplets created a haze layer that reflected some of the Sun's rays back
into space, cooling the whole planet by about 0.5 degrees C.

However, the new work on the evaporation of sulphuric acid on Venus
suggests that such attempts at cooling our planet may not be as
successful as first thought, because we do not know how quickly the
initially protective haze will be converted back into gaseous sulphuric
acid: this is transparent and so allows all the Sun's rays through.

"We must study in great detail the potential consequences of such an
artificial sulphur layer in the atmosphere of Earth," says Jean-Loup
Bertaux, Universite de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France, Principal
Investigator of the SPICAV sensor on Venus Express. "Venus has an
enormous layer of such droplets, so anything that we learn about those
clouds is likely to be relevant to any geo-engineering of our own planet."

In effect, nature is doing the experiment for us and Venus Express
allows us to learn the lessons before experimenting with our own world.

Volumnous Venusian Thank You to Ron Baalke of sci.space.news !

Happy days *and*...
* *Starry, starry nights !

--
Space so scary, quite contrary,
* How does your nothing grow?
A just as hairy corollary...
* How does your nothing flow?

* *http://www.spaceflow.sk/

Indelibly yours,
Paine Ellsworth

PS -http://painellsworth.net!
* * * * *http://www.secretsgolden.com!
* * * * * * * * *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Paine_Ellsworth!

Venus is a perfectly good example of how a geothermally active planet
gets its surface and lower atmospheric environment toasty hot, and how
those acidic clouds tend to make everything worse. However, in spite
of being such a hellish planet, it has a great deal of potential for
anyone with half a brain.

How to adapt yourself to the toasty pressure cooker environment of
Venus:

Just getting there is the easy part, and not even taking all that
long. However, on your way you’d need to get used to the atmospheric
pressure and obviously the thermal changes that’ll get your attention,
even if you stay at Venus is limited to cruising around for months on
end within the cozy but otherwise spacious and air conditioned cabins
of a composite rigid airship.

Hyperbaric Experimental Centre & Hyperbaric Hydrogen
http://www.comex.fr/innovationinextr...ironments.html
http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/HSF_Rese...Z6HONDG_0.html
“The Hydrosphere of the Hyperbaric Experimental Centre is equipped or
long duration studies.”

“Hairless albino mice with squamous cell carcinoma were exposed to a
mixture of 2.5 percent oxygen and 97.5 percent hydrogen at a total
pressure of 8 atmospheres for periods up to 2 weeks in order to see if
a free radical decay catalyzer, such as hydrogen, would cause a
regression of the skin tumors. Marked aggression of the tumors was
found, leading to the possibility that hyperbaric hydrogen therapy
might also prove to be of significance in the treatment of other types
of cancer.”

In other words, an inert Hyperbaric Molecular Hydrogen atmosphere of
99.5% H2 and 0.5% O2 at 94 Bar should work like a charm, with O2 to
spare. It should be relatively easy to replace or displace that
mostly CO2 atmosphere with H2 within habitats, spacesuits and of
course the rigid composite airships that’ll easily obtain up to 67 kg/
m3 buoyancy (actually it gets a little better if you take into account
the 90.5% gravity, means we should have upwards of 71 kg/m3 to work
with)

There’s certainly no shortage of hydrogen on Venus, and upwards of
5000 teratonnes of h2o that’s easily accessible, with more continually
provided from geothermal and volcanic vents isn’t exactly a
deficiency. There’s also no limits as to the local energy that’s
clean and renewable, so thereby almost anything becomes doable (could
even hold the Winter Olympics on Venus, as long as everything was kept
indoors, at the same time as the summer Iron Man Olympics gets held
outside where it’s literally hot as hell). A fully syndicated version
of Hell’s Kitchen as produced and broadcasted from Venus could become
the real thing for chef Gordon Ramsay.

~ BG