a few questions

Greetings all,

Some questions I have but before that I want to say that I have always had
alot of intellectual curiosity and love history, political science,
religion, philosophy etc. I must say that i have a tremendous respect for
those interested in science as I find it particularly hard to grasp. Kudos
to all of you. Now for the questions which I hope some of you can answer:

1) Since looking into deep space from a telescope is in fact looking back
deep into the past, I presume that at the edges of our visibility these
areas appear more primitive in terms of the formation of galaxies etc? Now
if this is the case, has any astonomer actually witnessed the birth of a sun
(star)?

2) For astronauts going into space:

a) The earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen, are astronauts
breathing apparatus 100% oxygen? Is there any harm in breathing in this high
a concentration? Or is it beneficial? Would we all be healthier if we could
breathe in 100% oxygen at all times?

b) In a spacecraft there is always a lack of gravity (in general). Is it
possible to make the interior of a spacecraft equivalent to the gravity
level on earth?

3. I believe proximy centauri is the closest star to us..4.5 light years
from what i remember. How long would it take our fastest known spacecraft to
reach it? Anyone knows if there are any planets orbiting that star?

4. I heard the Andromeda galaxy is heading for a collision with the Milky
Way. I thought the big bang implied that everything is expanding away from
everything else. Which is right?

5. On the periodic table the lightest elements are Hydrogen and Helium. We
they both immediately arise upon the big bang? How? I know some of the other
elements (nitrogen, oxygen etc) derive from the intense nuclear reactions
within a star, how did they get away from a star..are they spewed forth form
the solar wind? Or do they only arise once a supernova happens and a star
explodes?

6. Some people claim there are multiple universes. Is this just conjecture
or is there any evidence for this?

Thanks all...steve

"Steve Trellert" wrote in message
...
Greetings all,

Some questions I have but before that I want to say that I have always had
alot of intellectual curiosity and love history, political science,
religion, philosophy etc. I must say that i have a tremendous respect for
those interested in science as I find it particularly hard to grasp. Kudos
to all of you. Now for the questions which I hope some of you can answer:

1) Since looking into deep space from a telescope is in fact looking back
deep into the past, I presume that at the edges of our visibility these
areas appear more primitive in terms of the formation of galaxies etc? Now
if this is the case, has any astonomer actually witnessed the birth of a
sun (star)?

You could eventually witness the Big Bang itself...if the orbiting telescope
or lunar telescope were powerful enough.


2) For astronauts going into space:

a) The earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen, are astronauts
breathing apparatus 100% oxygen? Is there any harm in breathing in this
high a concentration? Or is it beneficial? Would we all be healthier if
we could breathe in 100% oxygen at all times?

We would be high a kite.


b) In a spacecraft there is always a lack of gravity (in general). Is it
possible to make the interior of a spacecraft equivalent to the gravity
level on earth?

Easy. Just accelerate to a constant level of acceleration, and you will
have gravity toward the floor all the way to your destination.



3. I believe proximy centauri is the closest star to us..4.5 light years
from what i remember. How long would it take our fastest known spacecraft
to reach it?

About thirty days.


Anyone knows if there are any planets orbiting that star?

Lots. We discovered them with the orbiting telescope.



4. I heard the Andromeda galaxy is heading for a collision with the Milky
Way. I thought the big bang implied that everything is expanding away from
everything else. Which is right?

Both. On *average* everything is moving away from everything else.



5. On the periodic table the lightest elements are Hydrogen and Helium. We
they both immediately arise upon the big bang?


Probably, since they are the simplest elements.

How? I know some of the other
elements (nitrogen, oxygen etc) derive from the intense nuclear reactions
within a star, how did they get away from a star..are they spewed forth
form the solar wind?

Look at the nebulae.


Or do they only arise once a supernova happens and a star
explodes?

No. There just aren't enough supernovae for all you see out there.



6. Some people claim there are multiple universes. Is this just conjecture
or is there any evidence for this?

A universe is all that exists. How can there be more than one everything?

Mark THINKS he knows stuff. Reality shows he DOESN'T! lmfjao!

His education is VERY FLAWED. He did this to himself. Don't believe
a word he says.

Two examples: 30 days to reach Proxima Centuri? BULL****!

No planets are known around Proxima Centuri. More BULL****!

Pick someone with a better education.

Saul Levy


On Sun, 18 Jan 2009 20:22:52 -0600, "Mark Earnest"
wrote:


"Steve Trellert" wrote in message
...
Greetings all,

Some questions I have but before that I want to say that I have always had
alot of intellectual curiosity and love history, political science,
religion, philosophy etc. I must say that i have a tremendous respect for
those interested in science as I find it particularly hard to grasp. Kudos
to all of you. Now for the questions which I hope some of you can answer:

1) Since looking into deep space from a telescope is in fact looking back
deep into the past, I presume that at the edges of our visibility these
areas appear more primitive in terms of the formation of galaxies etc? Now
if this is the case, has any astonomer actually witnessed the birth of a
sun (star)?

You could eventually witness the Big Bang itself...if the orbiting telescope
or lunar telescope were powerful enough.


2) For astronauts going into space:

a) The earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen, are astronauts
breathing apparatus 100% oxygen? Is there any harm in breathing in this
high a concentration? Or is it beneficial? Would we all be healthier if
we could breathe in 100% oxygen at all times?

We would be high a kite.


b) In a spacecraft there is always a lack of gravity (in general). Is it
possible to make the interior of a spacecraft equivalent to the gravity
level on earth?

Easy. Just accelerate to a constant level of acceleration, and you will
have gravity toward the floor all the way to your destination.



3. I believe proximy centauri is the closest star to us..4.5 light years
from what i remember. How long would it take our fastest known spacecraft
to reach it?

About thirty days.


Anyone knows if there are any planets orbiting that star?

Lots. We discovered them with the orbiting telescope.



4. I heard the Andromeda galaxy is heading for a collision with the Milky
Way. I thought the big bang implied that everything is expanding away from
everything else. Which is right?

Both. On *average* everything is moving away from everything else.



5. On the periodic table the lightest elements are Hydrogen and Helium. We
they both immediately arise upon the big bang?


Probably, since they are the simplest elements.

How? I know some of the other
elements (nitrogen, oxygen etc) derive from the intense nuclear reactions
within a star, how did they get away from a star..are they spewed forth
form the solar wind?

Look at the nebulae.


Or do they only arise once a supernova happens and a star
explodes?

No. There just aren't enough supernovae for all you see out there.



6. Some people claim there are multiple universes. Is this just conjecture
or is there any evidence for this?

A universe is all that exists. How can there be more than one everything?

Saul, you are anti progress.
There's a place for such.
In the loony farm.

"Saul Levy" wrote in message
...
Mark THINKS he knows stuff. Reality shows he DOESN'T! lmfjao!

His education is VERY FLAWED. He did this to himself. Don't believe
a word he says.

Two examples: 30 days to reach Proxima Centuri? BULL****!

No planets are known around Proxima Centuri. More BULL****!

Pick someone with a better education.

Saul Levy


On Sun, 18 Jan 2009 20:22:52 -0600, "Mark Earnest"
wrote:


"Steve Trellert" wrote in message
...
Greetings all,

Some questions I have but before that I want to say that I have always
had
alot of intellectual curiosity and love history, political science,
religion, philosophy etc. I must say that i have a tremendous respect
for
those interested in science as I find it particularly hard to grasp.
Kudos
to all of you. Now for the questions which I hope some of you can
answer:

1) Since looking into deep space from a telescope is in fact looking
back
deep into the past, I presume that at the edges of our visibility these
areas appear more primitive in terms of the formation of galaxies etc?
Now
if this is the case, has any astonomer actually witnessed the birth of a
sun (star)?

You could eventually witness the Big Bang itself...if the orbiting
telescope
or lunar telescope were powerful enough.


2) For astronauts going into space:

a) The earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen, are astronauts
breathing apparatus 100% oxygen? Is there any harm in breathing in this
high a concentration? Or is it beneficial? Would we all be healthier if
we could breathe in 100% oxygen at all times?

We would be high a kite.


b) In a spacecraft there is always a lack of gravity (in general). Is it
possible to make the interior of a spacecraft equivalent to the gravity
level on earth?

Easy. Just accelerate to a constant level of acceleration, and you will
have gravity toward the floor all the way to your destination.



3. I believe proximy centauri is the closest star to us..4.5 light years
from what i remember. How long would it take our fastest known
spacecraft
to reach it?

About thirty days.


Anyone knows if there are any planets orbiting that star?

Lots. We discovered them with the orbiting telescope.



4. I heard the Andromeda galaxy is heading for a collision with the
Milky
Way. I thought the big bang implied that everything is expanding away
from
everything else. Which is right?

Both. On *average* everything is moving away from everything else.



5. On the periodic table the lightest elements are Hydrogen and Helium.
We
they both immediately arise upon the big bang?


Probably, since they are the simplest elements.

How? I know some of the other
elements (nitrogen, oxygen etc) derive from the intense nuclear
reactions
within a star, how did they get away from a star..are they spewed forth
form the solar wind?

Look at the nebulae.


Or do they only arise once a supernova happens and a star
explodes?

No. There just aren't enough supernovae for all you see out there.



6. Some people claim there are multiple universes. Is this just
conjecture
or is there any evidence for this?

A universe is all that exists. How can there be more than one everything?

"Steve Trellert" wrote in message...
...

Greetings all,

Some questions I have but before that I want to say that I have always had
alot of intellectual curiosity and love history, political science,
religion, philosophy etc. I must say that i have a tremendous respect for
those interested in science as I find it particularly hard to grasp. Kudos
to all of you. Now for the questions which I hope some of you can answer:

1) Since looking into deep space from a telescope is in fact looking back
deep into the past, I presume that at the edges of our visibility these
areas appear more primitive in terms of the formation of galaxies etc? Now
if this is the case, has any astonomer actually witnessed the birth of a
sun (star)?

'Lo Steve --

There are 2 main things that make it virtually impossible
to study the birth of stars...

1) Stars are born inside huge clouds (nebulas or nebulae).
These clouds are so far away that movement can only
be detected over many, many years, and

2) Even if we could detect some movement, the clouds
hide what's going on inside them.

Astronomers have found ways to draw some conclusions
about starbirth. Heres a good place to begin your study...

http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/image...ature_371.html

(If your newsreader does not make URL's clickable links,
then just copy and paste them to the URL field at the top
of your web browser.)

After that, a search engine can reveal a lot more on the
subject of starbirth for you. For example...

http://preview.tinyurl.com/starbirth-google

2) For astronauts going into space:

a) The earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen, are astronauts
breathing apparatus 100% oxygen? Is there any harm in breathing in this
high a concentration? Or is it beneficial? Would we all be healthier if
we could breathe in 100% oxygen at all times?

An astronaut's breathing apparatus does provide 100%
oxygen. And the astronaut must breathe 100% oxygen
for about 30 minutes before going outside the ship to
make repairs and such. The benefit of waiting the 30
minutes is so the astronaut doesn't get "the bends".

100% oxygen is more than the 20% that we normally
need and breathe on Earth. There is no harm in taking
in that much for short periods of time, though. Hospitals
use higher levels of oxygen, too, for several treatments.
Would we all be healthier if we could breathe 100%
oxygen at all times? Probably not. Oxygen is a highly
flammable fuel, very "energetic". So the prolonged
breathing of 100% oxygen over several days might very
well have serious consequences for our bodies.

It's one of the miracles of life that we can process any
level of oxygen at all. See what it does to iron?

b) In a spacecraft there is always a lack of gravity (in general). Is it
possible to make the interior of a spacecraft equivalent to the gravity
level on earth?

If i remember correctly, the design of a rotating space
station can yield gravitation similar to Earth's by way of
its size and its rate of spin. Also, as a ship speeds thru
space, if the proper amount of constant force is applied,
which would accelerate the ship at a rate of 32 feet per
second per second, this would similate Earth's gravity.

3. I believe proximy centauri is the closest star to us..4.5 light years
from what i remember. How long would it take our fastest known spacecraft
to reach it? Anyone knows if there are any planets orbiting that star?

Proxima Centauri is the small red dwarf companion of a
binary star system, Alpha Centauri A and B. It is not yet
known for certain that Proxima Centauri is gravitationally
bound to the other two.

Proxima Centauri is about 4.2 light years away, so it
would take our as yet fastest spacecraft about 110,000
years to make the trip.

No planets have been detected orbiting this star.

4. I heard the Andromeda galaxy is heading for a collision with the Milky
Way. I thought the big bang implied that everything is expanding away from
everything else. Which is right?

The belief that the Andromeda galaxy is going to collide
with our Milky Way galaxy is based upon its radial speed
alone. We have not yet measured Andromeda's lateral,
side-to-side velocity yet (transverse velocity). So any
collision conclusion is speculation at best.

Many of the closer galaxies show a "blue shift" and are
thought to be coming toward us. But the vast majority
of galaxies observed show a "red shift" and are believed
to be moving away from us. So on a "large scale" things
do seem to be expanding away from each other.

The accelerated expansion of the Universe is believed to
be a "very good guess" by scientists. But it still remains
that there is very skimpy evidence. It's not easy to try
to determine the nature of such a vast Universe from the
point of view of a relatively tiny little planet.

5. On the periodic table the lightest elements are Hydrogen and Helium. We
they both immediately arise upon the big bang? How? I know some of the
other elements (nitrogen, oxygen etc) derive from the intense nuclear
reactions within a star, how did they get away from a star..are they
spewed forth form the solar wind? Or do they only arise once a supernova
happens and a star explodes?

The answers to these questions are found at the following
links...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_bang_nucleosynthesis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis

6. Some people claim there are multiple universes. Is this just conjecture
or is there any evidence for this?

The idea of a "multiverse" is still considered speculative
and fictional, but who knows?...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

Thanks all...steve

Welcome, Steve!

happy new days and...
starry starry nights!

--
Indelibly yours,
Paine Ellsworth

P.S.: "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting
to be known." Carl Sagan

P.P.S.: http://yummycake.secretsgolden.com
http://garden-of-ebooks.blogspot.com
http://painellsworth.net

Steve Trellert wrote:
Greetings all,

Some questions I have but before that I want to say that I have always had
alot of intellectual curiosity and love history, political science,
religion, philosophy etc. I must say that i have a tremendous respect for
those interested in science as I find it particularly hard to grasp. Kudos
to all of you. Now for the questions which I hope some of you can answer:

1) Since looking into deep space from a telescope is in fact looking back
deep into the past, I presume that at the edges of our visibility these
areas appear more primitive in terms of the formation of galaxies etc? Now
if this is the case, has any astonomer actually witnessed the birth of a
sun
(star)?

Young stars can be seen much closer to hand than at the edge of
the visible universe; our galaxy is still forming new stars from
gas and dust. Google: stellar nurseries . In particular, have a
look at some pictures at:

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/stellar_nurseries.html

Note that the gas and dust in the star forming regions can make it
difficult to see details of the individual stars being formed, but
infra red and radio wavelengths can do much better.


2) For astronauts going into space:

a) The earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen, are astronauts
breathing apparatus 100% oxygen? Is there any harm in breathing in this
high
a concentration? Or is it beneficial? Would we all be healthier if we
could
breathe in 100% oxygen at all times?

Breathing 100% oxygen for any long period of time is not good; oxygen
in that concentration tends to be toxic. The cabin is pressurized
with a fairly normal atmospheric mix. For special cases, such as
spacewalks where the astronaut is going to be working in conditions
of much reduced pressure, they may breath a much higher concentration
oxygen mixture in order to flush nitrogen from their systems prior to
"stepping out". This prevents nitrogen bubbles from forming in their
blood (nitrogen narcosis, the bends) when they go from cabin pressure
to lower pressure.


b) In a spacecraft there is always a lack of gravity (in general). Is it
possible to make the interior of a spacecraft equivalent to the gravity
level on earth?

Sure, build a really big spaceship and spin it. Centrifugal effect
can mimic gravity. But the ship will have to be very large indeed
to keep the spin rate within reasonable values.


3. I believe proximy centauri is the closest star to us..4.5 light years
from what i remember. How long would it take our fastest known spacecraft
to
reach it? Anyone knows if there are any planets orbiting that star?

Our fastest spacecraft? The ultimate velocity depends upon a combination
of available fuel and time. The Voyagers used gravity assist manoeuvres
around planets to get up the speed required to leave the solar system.
Nothing we currently have available will do much better for quick escapes.

However, continuous drive ion thrusters, while taking a long time
to get up to speed, have high specific impulse and make the best
use of their available reaction mass. It may take more time for
them to get up to speed, but their ultimate speed is higher.

Voyager 1 is cruising along at about 17 km/second. Let's say for the
sake of argument that our ion drive craft can do five times better,
but will take 50 years to build up to cruising speed (it has a very
small acceleration).

A Voyager type craft could travel 4.5 light years in about 80,000 years.
The ion drive craft would do 5 times better, about 16,000 years.

As far as we know (so far), Proxima Centauri doesn't have any planets.


4. I heard the Andromeda galaxy is heading for a collision with the Milky
Way. I thought the big bang implied that everything is expanding away from
everything else. Which is right?

Both. Gravitationally bound systems, like the our solar system, our
galaxy, and our local cluster of galaxies and globular clusters, are
not subject to the general expansion (because they are gravitationally
bound together).


5. On the periodic table the lightest elements are Hydrogen and Helium. We
they both immediately arise upon the big bang? How? I know some of the
other
elements (nitrogen, oxygen etc) derive from the intense nuclear reactions
within a star, how did they get away from a star..are they spewed forth
form
the solar wind? Or do they only arise once a supernova happens and a star
explodes?

Subatomic particles were created from the energy of the early universe.
These included protons and electrons, which subsequently got together
as hydrogen when things cooled down enough. Things were still hot
enough to drive some of the hydrogen to fuse into heavier bits, like
helium and lithium.

Some heavier elements come off of stars, driven by the solar wind,
but this is a minor contribution compared to the scattering of much
of the mass of an entire giant star when it goes supernova.


6. Some people claim there are multiple universes. Is this just conjecture
or is there any evidence for this?

It can only be conjecture, since by definition another universe would
have no connection to ours, and hence entirely unobservable.

I just wanted to say thanks to Greg and Steve both. Excellent Q&A!

John

Quoth Greg Neill :
Steve Trellert wrote:
Greetings all,

Some questions I have but before that I want to say that I have always had
alot of intellectual curiosity and love history, political science,
religion, philosophy etc. I must say that i have a tremendous respect for
those interested in science as I find it particularly hard to grasp. Kudos
to all of you. Now for the questions which I hope some of you can answer:

1) Since looking into deep space from a telescope is in fact looking back
deep into the past, I presume that at the edges of our visibility these
areas appear more primitive in terms of the formation of galaxies etc? Now
if this is the case, has any astonomer actually witnessed the birth of a
sun
(star)?

Young stars can be seen much closer to hand than at the edge of
the visible universe; our galaxy is still forming new stars from
gas and dust. Google: stellar nurseries . In particular, have a
look at some pictures at:

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/stellar_nurseries.html

Note that the gas and dust in the star forming regions can make it
difficult to see details of the individual stars being formed, but
infra red and radio wavelengths can do much better.

2) For astronauts going into space:

a) The earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen, are astronauts
breathing apparatus 100% oxygen? Is there any harm in breathing in this
high
a concentration? Or is it beneficial? Would we all be healthier if we
could
breathe in 100% oxygen at all times?

Breathing 100% oxygen for any long period of time is not good; oxygen
in that concentration tends to be toxic. The cabin is pressurized
with a fairly normal atmospheric mix. For special cases, such as
spacewalks where the astronaut is going to be working in conditions
of much reduced pressure, they may breath a much higher concentration
oxygen mixture in order to flush nitrogen from their systems prior to
"stepping out". This prevents nitrogen bubbles from forming in their
blood (nitrogen narcosis, the bends) when they go from cabin pressure
to lower pressure.

b) In a spacecraft there is always a lack of gravity (in general). Is it
possible to make the interior of a spacecraft equivalent to the gravity
level on earth?

Sure, build a really big spaceship and spin it. Centrifugal effect
can mimic gravity. But the ship will have to be very large indeed
to keep the spin rate within reasonable values.

3. I believe proximy centauri is the closest star to us..4.5 light years
from what i remember. How long would it take our fastest known spacecraft
to
reach it? Anyone knows if there are any planets orbiting that star?

Our fastest spacecraft? The ultimate velocity depends upon a combination
of available fuel and time. The Voyagers used gravity assist manoeuvres
around planets to get up the speed required to leave the solar system.
Nothing we currently have available will do much better for quick escapes.

However, continuous drive ion thrusters, while taking a long time
to get up to speed, have high specific impulse and make the best
use of their available reaction mass. It may take more time for
them to get up to speed, but their ultimate speed is higher.

Voyager 1 is cruising along at about 17 km/second. Let's say for the
sake of argument that our ion drive craft can do five times better,
but will take 50 years to build up to cruising speed (it has a very
small acceleration).

A Voyager type craft could travel 4.5 light years in about 80,000 years.
The ion drive craft would do 5 times better, about 16,000 years.

As far as we know (so far), Proxima Centauri doesn't have any planets.

4. I heard the Andromeda galaxy is heading for a collision with the Milky
Way. I thought the big bang implied that everything is expanding away from
everything else. Which is right?

Both. Gravitationally bound systems, like the our solar system, our
galaxy, and our local cluster of galaxies and globular clusters, are
not subject to the general expansion (because they are gravitationally
bound together).

5. On the periodic table the lightest elements are Hydrogen and Helium. We
they both immediately arise upon the big bang? How? I know some of the
other
elements (nitrogen, oxygen etc) derive from the intense nuclear reactions
within a star, how did they get away from a star..are they spewed forth
form
the solar wind? Or do they only arise once a supernova happens and a star
explodes?

Subatomic particles were created from the energy of the early universe.
These included protons and electrons, which subsequently got together
as hydrogen when things cooled down enough. Things were still hot
enough to drive some of the hydrogen to fuse into heavier bits, like
helium and lithium.

Some heavier elements come off of stars, driven by the solar wind,
but this is a minor contribution compared to the scattering of much
of the mass of an entire giant star when it goes supernova.

6. Some people claim there are multiple universes. Is this just conjecture
or is there any evidence for this?

It can only be conjecture, since by definition another universe would
have no connection to ours, and hence entirely unobservable.

You should know, LOONIE! lmfjao! Your answers sure ain't progress!

What kind of car were you driving to Proxima Centuri?

Saul Levy


On Mon, 19 Jan 2009 00:24:00 -0600, "Mark Earnest"
wrote:

Saul, you are anti progress.
There's a place for such.
In the loony farm.

"Saul Levy" wrote in message
.. .
Mark THINKS he knows stuff. Reality shows he DOESN'T! lmfjao!

His education is VERY FLAWED. He did this to himself. Don't believe
a word he says.

Two examples: 30 days to reach Proxima Centuri? BULL****!

No planets are known around Proxima Centuri. More BULL****!

Pick someone with a better education.

Saul Levy

Back to the pit, demon!


"Saul Levy" wrote in message
...
You should know, LOONIE! lmfjao! Your answers sure ain't progress!

What kind of car were you driving to Proxima Centuri?

Saul Levy


On Mon, 19 Jan 2009 00:24:00 -0600, "Mark Earnest"
wrote:

Saul, you are anti progress.
There's a place for such.
In the loony farm.

"Saul Levy" wrote in message
. ..
Mark THINKS he knows stuff. Reality shows he DOESN'T! lmfjao!

His education is VERY FLAWED. He did this to himself. Don't believe
a word he says.

Two examples: 30 days to reach Proxima Centuri? BULL****!

No planets are known around Proxima Centuri. More BULL****!

Pick someone with a better education.

Saul Levy

More Looney Toons, Mark! lmfjao!

That's all you have, of course!

Saul Levy


On Mon, 19 Jan 2009 15:16:56 -0600, "Mark Earnest"
wrote:

Back to the pit, demon!


"Saul Levy" wrote in message
.. .
You should know, LOONIE! lmfjao! Your answers sure ain't progress!

What kind of car were you driving to Proxima Centuri?

Saul Levy


On Mon, 19 Jan 2009 00:24:00 -0600, "Mark Earnest"
wrote:

Saul, you are anti progress.
There's a place for such.
In the loony farm.

"Saul Levy" wrote in message
...
Mark THINKS he knows stuff. Reality shows he DOESN'T! lmfjao!

His education is VERY FLAWED. He did this to himself. Don't believe
a word he says.

Two examples: 30 days to reach Proxima Centuri? BULL****!

No planets are known around Proxima Centuri. More BULL****!

Pick someone with a better education.

Saul Levy