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![]() FACT: The oldest minerals found on Earth are zircons from Jack Hills in Western Australia. They crystalized about 4.4 billion years ago. Their oxygen isotopic composition indicates that more than 4.4 billion years ago there was already water on the surface of the Earth. The Earth's crust and all minerals younger than the zircons are about 4 billion years old. FACT: About 4.2 billion years ago at least 20 asteroids having diameters between 200 and 500 km collided with the Mars. HYPOTHESIS: 4.2 billion years ago the enormous gravity of Jupiter hurled Theia toward the Earth. As Theia was moving toward the Earth, its mantle of liquid water was vaporized by the sunlight, creating watery atmosphere. Theia became very large comet. Its rocky core collided with the Moon, thus creating a new, hot Moon. A few hours later Theia's watery atmosphere collided with the Earth. When the collision separated Theia's rocky core from its atmosphere, the atmosphere quickly expanded due to the heat generated by the collision, and due to reduced gravity (no core). The expansion reduced density of the atmosphere before the collision with the Earth. Initially, the collision produced extremely strong winds on the Earth and only moderate rise of temperature because the hot mixture of gas and dust radiated the heat away. The wind was so strong that it lifted dust from the surface of the Earth and launched it into space. Some of this dust was made of zircons that crystallized on the Earth 4.4 billions years ago. When the main body of Theia's atmosphere collided with the Earth, it ablated most of the Earth's sima except the back 30% of the Earth's surface. The original crust was made of 20 km thick sial layer on top of 10 km thick sima layer. Some of the original sial layer near the back of the Earth was not ablated by the collision, but it was pushed by the collision towards the back of the Earth where it piled up and formed the very thick sial layer that is now known as the continents. The heat of the collision briefly remelted the sial. The hot, liquid sial did not spill over the entire surface of the Earth because its heat quickly dissipated to cooler interior of the Earth. Dust particles made from the sial, the zircons, the Moon, and the rocky core of Theia were suspended in the atmosphere that enveloped the Earth and the new Moon. The atmosphere was so large that it enveloped Venus, Mercury and Mars. It was probably shaped like a disk. Surface temperature of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars dropped because the atmosphere scattered sunlight away from the ecliptic. Some of the atmosphere was captured by the new Moon. Large quantity of the dust and larger debris fell on the Moon, Earth, Mercury, Venus, and Mars over a period of several thousand years. Some dust captured by the Earth did not melt because its descent was slowed down by the huge atmosphere of the Earth. The new, acidic atmosphere dissolved all 4.4 billion year old grains of dust except zircon. Some of this zircon dust survived till present. Most geologists believe that a grazing collision between the Earth and a solid, Mars-sized body transported lots of sial from the Earth to the Moon. They cannot explain why the collision did not melt the 4.4 billion year old grains of zircon. The presence of these ancient grains of zircon proves that the collision was not a collision between solid bodies. |
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