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I was playing around with Starry Night Pro 5, and I thought I'd see if
I could determine the exact time of the summer solstice by watching the solar coordinates. With SNP, you can select the sun, bring up an info panel, and then watch the RA and Dec change as you run through the clock time at the speed of your choice. I saw some things that I can't explain, and I hope somebody here can help me. First, in case my problem is with fundamental knowledge, tell me if I'm wrong about any of these assumptions: 1) The solstice occurs when the sun reaches its maximum declination of the year, which should be around 23.5 degrees N. The declination never decreases between the vernal equinox and the summer solstice, and never increases between the summer solstice and the autumnal equinox. 2) The sun's RA at the solstice should be very close to 6 hours, but since the RA is defined by the vernal equinox rather than the solstice, the solstice may not occur at exactly 6 hours. 3) The sun's RA and Dec do not depend on my location, so if I read in an almanac that the solstice occurred on June 21 at 8:26 AM EDT, I need only correct for my time zone, rather than fractions of a time zone (as I would if I were trying to calculate my local sunrise, for example). 4) SNP has two sets of RA/Dec coordinates in its info panel, one labeled J2000, and one labeled JNow. I assume that JNow will be more accurate for current observations. OK, assuming all that is correct, here is what I found. All times are EDT. 1) On June 21, the maximum RA reached was 23 degrees and 26.386 minutes. This was maintained from 2:00 PM to 3:16 PM EDT. The almanac says the solstice should have been at 8:26 AM EDT. 2) When I ran the time backward from there, the declination slowly decreased, but it hit a minimum (when it was 23deg 26.314') that lasted from 2:03 AM to 3:39 AM of June 21, then it began to increase as I went farther back. It peaked at 23deg 26.332' from about 7:37 PM to 8:20 PM of June 20, and steadily decreased as I went earlier than that.. So if SNP is correct, there were three solstices, i.e. a max on both the 20th and 21st, and a local min between them. I could understand if round-off errors produced fluctuations right around the true solstice, but I can't understand a) the absolute max being nearly six hours off the published time, and b) apparently smooth progressions between two maximums nearly a day apart. Any explanations, or pointers to URLs, appreciated. |
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