The Metastases of Entropy.

Pentcho Valev wrote:
By the end of 19th century J. Gibbs converted the first law of
thermodynamics
dE = dQ - PdV (1)

$$ GUESS iSS Universal REST mass eM = E - eK (1)
$$ = + ( E ) - eK (1)
$$ = L + ( E - L ) - eK (1)
$$ = L + (SUM mu_i dn_i) - eK (2)
$$ = degK*[S] + (SUM mu_i dn_i) - eK (2)
$$ = L + (SUM mu_i dn_i) - eK (2)
$$ = L + eF ..eF is Helmholtz FREE energy;
$$ ..and EiTHER.. = eG - eV ..eV is Volt*Amp*sec ..energy;
$$ .. .. ..OR.. = eG + (m1*v1^2/2).

into dE = TdS + [SUM mu_i dn_i] - PdV (2)

$$ Gibbs tried to differentiate what was a redundant LaGrangian.
$$ The GUESS differentiates Gibbs'free energy eG into, eM + eV ;
$$ .. ..OR (..in another calculation), into, eM - (m1*v1^2/2);
A NET energy caN'T iNCREASE & DECREASE, at once, per calculation.

Hope this helps, ```Brian A M Stuckless, Ph.T (Tivity).

Gibbs did not notice that (2) was a physical absurdity - according
to (2) mu_i, the chemical potential, turns out to be the increase
in the internal energy of the system as one mole of the i-th
component is added to the system, on condition that the volume and
the entropy (!?!?) remain constant. Still in the interpretation of
Gibbs (2) was a limited absurdity: Gibbs restricted the
application of the equation to SYSTEMS IN INTERNAL EQUILIBRIUM for
which, when such systems were closed, the entropy change dS was
defined. Later someone else applied (2) to CHEMICAL SYSTEMS
DISTANT FROM EQUILIBRIUM and the absurdity increased dramatically,
to an extent allowing thermodynamics zombies to call (2) "The
Fundamental Equation of Chemical Thermodynamics". (In the era of
Postscientism equations containing undefined quantities like dS
are fundamental by definition.) Finally, the postscientific
juggler I. Prigogine simply combined (1) and (2) (eqs. 4.2 and
4.3' in I.Prigogine, "From Being to Becoming", Freeman and Co,
1980), obtained a new absurd expression for the entropy (eq. 4.13
in Prigogine's book) and was awarded the Nobel prize for his
spoonerism. Pentcho Valev
'The Big Bang Never Happened' ..many I Prigogine references.
The Metastases of Entropy.

Typo-CORRECTED; Gibbs Free energy eG . Pentcho Valev wrote:
By the end of 19th century J. Gibbs converted the first law of
thermodynamics dE = dQ - PdV (1)
$$ GUESS iSS Universal REST mass eM = E - eK (1)
$$ = + ( E ) - eK (1)
$$ = L + ( E - L ) - eK (1)
$$ = L + (SUM mu_i dn_i) - eK (2)
$$ = degK*[S] + (SUM mu_i dn_i) - eK (2)
$$ = L + ( eG ) - eK (2)
$$ = L + eF ..eF is Helmholtz FREE energy;
$$ ..and EiTHER.. = eG - eV ..eV is Volt*Amp*sec ..energy;
$$ .. .. ..OR.. = eG + (m1*v1^2/2), ..Newton iso-system.
$$ .. .. ..OR.. = eG + (m1*v1^2/2), ..and Zero-Point eM.

into dE = TdS + [SUM mu_i dn_i] - PdV (2)
$$ Gibbs differentiated, (SUM mu_i dn_i) = Gibbs Free energy eG.
$$ Gibbs CLEARLY differentiated his unique Gibbs Free energy eG.
$$ The GUESS differentiates Gibbs Free energy eG into, eM + eV ;
$$ .. ..OR (..in another calculation), into, eM - (m1*v1^2/2);
A NET energy caN'T iNCREASE & DECREASE, at once, per calculation.
Go-go Google GROUPs search:
Photon Mass. & Elementary CHARGE (+ OR -), {e}. .

$$ SI icon, {e} jOULE & {e} Amp*sec, NUMBER duality.
Note, {e}*Volt electronvolt energy; {e} has SI units of, Amp*sec.
Note, {e}*Volt electronvolt energy eV; SAME NUMBER as {e}-A*sec.
Note, {e}*Volt = Hartree eH / 10*("e") = 1*electronvolt - joule.
Note, {e} - Amp*sec = eH/Vu = eH/10*("e")*Volt - {e} - charge.
Note, Vu is Voltage POTENTiAL, at UNiT distance fron UNiT charge.
Hope this helps, ```Brian A M Stuckless, Ph.T (Tivity).

Gibbs did not notice that (2) was a physical absurdity - according
to (2) mu_i, the chemical potential, turns out to be the increase
in the internal energy of the system as one mole of the i-th
component is added to the system, on condition that the volume and
the entropy (!?!?) remain constant. Still in the interpretation of
Gibbs (2) was a limited absurdity: Gibbs restricted the
application of the equation to SYSTEMS IN INTERNAL EQUILIBRIUM for
which, when such systems were closed, the entropy change dS was
defined. Later someone else applied (2) to CHEMICAL SYSTEMS
DISTANT FROM EQUILIBRIUM and the absurdity increased dramatically,
to an extent allowing thermodynamics zombies to call (2) "The
Fundamental Equation of Chemical Thermodynamics". (In the era of
Postscientism equations containing undefined quantities like dS
are fundamental by definition.) Finally, the postscientific
juggler I. Prigogine simply combined (1) and (2) (eqs. 4.2 and
4.3' in I.Prigogine, "From Being to Becoming", Freeman and Co,
1980), obtained a new absurd expression for the entropy (eq. 4.13
in Prigogine's book) and was awarded the Nobel prize for his
spoonerism. Pentcho Valev
'The Big Bang Never Happened' ..many I Prigogine references.
The Metastases of Entropy.
Typo-CORRECTED Gibbs Free energy eG . End of edited rePOST.