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johnreed take 26 - An Astonishing Fact?
December 27, 2008 Begin quote "Mass is defined by the resistance that a body opposes to its acceleration (inert mass). It is also measured by the weight of the body (heavy mass). That these two radically different definitions lead to the same value for the mass of a body is, in itself, an astonishing fact." End quote Albert Einstein .. Why did Einstein, and most of present day physicists, consider this equivalence astonishing? Why do they consider inert mass and gravitational mass as "radically different definitions"? Where all that is required is an explanation of why so called "gravitational" mass is equivalent to inert mass. To do this requires a more precise use of words. For example, we think that we feel an attraction to the Earth. What we actually feel when we are on the Earth's surface is the "cumulative resistance of our atoms" as they each are pulled toward the Earth. . We feel nothing but air resistance during free fall. Our "feel" of the "cumulative resistence of our atoms", in response to the Earth attractor, has been regarded, 'a priori', as the fundamental cause of our attraction to Earth for as long as the recorded history of thinking. Our "feel" of resistance generates the ideas of "up and down", "Heaven and Hell", "a flat world", and even the "Earth as the center of the universe". It is the basis for Newton's universe and Einstein's universe. The idea of "up and down", through the idea of "a curved space time", originates from the same 'a priori' notion. The subjective notion that what we feel (the cumulative resistance of our atoms), is fundamental, augmented by the idea that our quantitative description for what we feel can be proportionally generalized to the planets and stars through Kepler's (least action) law of areas[1]. The cumulative resistance of (our) atoms, has been defined as inert mass. In the case of our attraction to the Earth (which we do not feel), we have labeled the resistance that we do feel as "gravitational mass", rather than just a special case of inerl mass (the cumulative resistance of an object's atoms). Where in both the gravitational and the inert mass cases, we feel the cumulative resistance of (our) atoms. We think that the cumulative resistance of atoms that we feel, causes that cumulative resistance. Where the cumulative resistance of our atoms that we feel, is completely contained within the four corners of our body. Since our so called "gravitational" mass is the cumulative resistence of our atoms (what we feel), and since all atoms fall at the same rate regardless of their mass it should be clear that the Earth attractor acts on atoms and not on the cumulative resistance of the atoms. It should also be clear that the cumulative resistance of atoms is not an attraction. The fact that the cumulative resistance of atoms is conserved in all the objects we can measure allows us to generalize this resistance to all the objects in the universe. This was Newton's position. "Since it is true for all the matter we can measure, it is true for all matter whatsoever." paraphrased. With that assumptive generalization for a universal notion of force, we invent "gravitational" mass. The reason they are equivalent is because they are each the cumulative resistance of an object's atoms. Note that the cumulative resistance of atoms is the force we feel. Our feel of the cumulative resistance of out atoms does not transfer to a universal attractive force generated by the cumulative resistance of atoms. Here is the equivalence in words: : 1) [inert mass = the cumulative resistance of an object's atoms = gravitational mass (what we feel)] What is astonishing about this equivalence? How are the definitions radically different? Endnotes [1] Newton defined centripetal force in terms of his second and third law by setting his first law object on a circular trajectory at a uniform motion. Here the law of areas together with its (unrecognized) controlling time function, falls out as a "joined" artifact of the efficient area enclosing circle itself. He then connected the (unrecognized) efficient time artifact of the uniform circle motion, to Kepler's efficient, time (unrecognized) controlled, law of areas. Newton generalized Kepler's law of areas to the entire universe, as the physical mathematical carrier for his (non-time controlled) centripetal force. Applying his force to gravity, he assigned the resistance he worked against at the Earth's surface (inert mass), and called "gravity", as the 'a priori' (non-time controlled) cause of his centripetal force. In other words, because mass is a conserved quantity within a least action universe' and because we have defined the cumulative resistance of objects as a force we feel, we have assigned the cumulative resistance of objects as the cause of the observed order in the universe. johnreed |
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