What if the total mass of the nucleus was a makeup of zillions of attractive but very minute entities of mass, that would explain the source for the otherwise excessively strong nuclear force.

Alternate theories to the Big Bang universe are many, and more are bound to be written, -- how the universe operates is not something that can be easily explained. The universe we can see is just a sector of the entire cosmos, and the extent beyond the horizon can be ageless and without the border. And with a lack of useable information, how the universe works and its origin has yet to be adequately explained.

This essay poses a theory about elementary mass at rest, a state where the word "temperature" is meaningless, and the potential source for energy is from the motion of mass/gravity -- mechanics that don't work with the accepted Big Bang model but jibe with the idea of a recycling universe.

There's another side to the cosmos that cannot be observed, and maybe it never will. This invisible environment is a stage where primeval matter is assembled into action, hence bringing the viable universal matter into existence. All this is happening, because of cooling of the matter into what I'll call the state of Totally Absolute Zero Temperature (TAZT).

The mass, which is intrinsically present in every aspect of matter, is a phenomenon yet to be solved. For instance, the total force of gravity of the nucleus is a too weak source for the available nuclear energy, so, the science is dealing with a strong force which source is not explainable. In the mechanical terms, the action of binding the nucleus system together, the strong force seems to be senselessly excessive for the job. Taking into account that all natural operations must be mechanically explainable, hence, something must be wrong in the construction of the atomic nucleus. For example, what if the total mass of the nucleus was a makeup of zillions of attractive but very minute entities of mass, that would explain the source for the excessively strong nuclear force and the possible source for the universal matter. A minor change in thinking can lead to a huge difference in understanding the universe. Also, simplicity is a guide to follow in a quest for nature’s operations.

There are plenty of obvious indicators that matter is in a process of cooling. Let's look at how matter in the universe cycles from a zero-temperature state to an extreme hot state and then again back to state of the zero-temperature.

This recycling universe operates in the most efficient manner suitable for the nature’s way of activity. Suppose that in the end of the cooling process, an atomic structure is dissolved into minimum, with only the atomic mass/gravity present. While this matter would lack any thermal energy, it would maintain an active force of gravity. Therefore, it has the means to assemble a dense and large moving object of constantly accumulating mass.

The direction of travel for these objects is guided by combined force of gravity, which can apply from any direction, and these massive moving objects have a tremendous potential energy should they collide -- such inevitable crashes would result in an outburst of extremely hot and fast-moving mass. Such collisions would initiate action where the mass evolves into atomic systems, hence, the matter for a developing galaxy system is created. This action can repeat countless times in immeasurable vastness of the universe.

Now that the matter for the galactic system is evolved, the next operation for the nature is to create billions of stars and their solar systems. It makes sense and is mechanically correct for the nature to construct objects by accumulation of the available matter. In this recycling single point galaxy forming environment, the formation of stars and their solar systems can evolve in the mechanically explainable manner. Through the pull force of gravity, the initial explosively expanding matter is slowed down until the pull force and the speed of expanding forces are in equilibrium. In this state clumping of matter can happen naturally. Hence, billions of stars are born within this developing galaxy system. Again, the same mechanics are in action as were during creation of the matter.
This action follows the proven mechanical process, because in the explosively driven action the highest concentration of matter is always close to beginning of an action, thinning progressively towards the outer edge of expanding matter. Therefore, the strongest force of pull comes from the center reason of action, hence capable to stop the forward expanding motion. After the fast forward motion is stalled, the matter can began the act of accumulation of more matter as required to create a star.

It's notable that in an environment of TAZT, accumulated invisible objects can move in random directions with various angles of attack. Hence, they are subject to collide with other compact mass objects, from any impact angle, and creating various forms and densities for distribution of primeval matter. This action may explain the chaotic orientation and formation of different shapes of the observed galaxies. For example, in order to create an elliptical or spherical distribution of matter, the impact action requires a head-on collision of two speeding objects. The more complicated variety of spiral galaxies can be the result of two rapidly moving and most likely spinning objects, colliding in various degrees off from the head-on impact. This action explains the random distribution of matter, galactic rotation and various shapes and number of galactic arms.

Images of nearby galaxies show that they share a common feature the natures way; the distribution of matter has a footprint typical of explosive action. Interpreting more observable images obtained from nearby galaxies leads to the conclusion that the distribution of matter is a manner consistent with an explosive force originating from the center of the system pushing the matter outwards. In the center of the galaxy, there is a black hole, or space vacuum which I call a void, resembling the after-effect of an explosive action. The void is invisible because it’s within a surrounding globe of densely packed stars that prevent observation of its makeup. This void makes sense, taking into account images of the explosively distributed matter. The void followed by a dense accumulation of stars, gradually distributed more diffusely towards the outer edges of the galaxy, is consistent with the aftermath of an explosion propelling matter away from its origin.

The recycling process explains current universal observations. The recycling universe also explains why it’s possible to see images of the Hubble deep field, that look the same regardless of what direction the deep sky is observed. This observation works in every aspect with the recycling model, but it’s not feasible to find the working mechanics in activity within the BB model.

Jaakko Kurhi