To Kurtan

The original Keplerian insight on orbital geometry and motion refered
the orbit of Mars as seen from the Earth against the background stars -
Kepler called the plotted trajectory 'Panis Quadragesimalis', a
representation that is nowhere to be found on the entire internet .

Newton worked off mean Sun/Earth distances drawn from Flamsteed's
sidereal format which represents a stellar circumpolar/axial rotational
equivalency only that Newton transfered it to a geocentric/heliocentric
orbital equivalency.This is where he is getting this astronomically
erroneous perspective from -

"That the fixed stars being at rest, the periodic times of the five
primary planets, and (whether of the sun about the earth, or) of the
earth about the sun, are in the sesquiplicate proportion of their mean
distances from the sun."

http://members.tripod.com/~gravitee/phaenomena.htm

The deviation from mean Sun/Earth distances generating Keplerian motion
can be extracted that way however it is impossible to fit the stated
sidereal format into Keplerian orbital geometry when taken through the
center of the planet's orbit.Because the sidereal format attributes a
constant .986 degree orbital displacement,it requires little effort to
see that in a Keplerian framework ,the Newtonian stretching of orbital
distances would occur but unfortunately it generates the odd spectacle
of the Earth travelling faster at the aphelion and slower at the
perihelion -

http://www.pfm.howard.edu/astronomy/...S/AACHCIR0.JPG

While it becomes even more complicated when dealing with Ole Roemer's
insight,the damage is already done and especially in regard to how to
treat observed motions from the center of the planet's orbit rather
than an independent speculative observer based on the Sun which
constitutes the Newtonian view.