Evaluating how the universe works is problematic in trying to obtain reliable detailed information. Hence, some degree of interpretation is necessary to draw a conclusion. In this essay, I propose that
the universe is in recycling mode, and will explain how this may be happening. The images of nearby galaxies tell the story of common features where the distribution of the matter has a typical footprint of explosive action. For example, in images of the Andromeda, M87, Markarian 739, and many similar galaxies, the interpretation of what is shown in the pictures leads to only one possibility. The distribution of the matter appears to be similar to the explosively forceful action of outward motion that originated in the center of the galactic system. Per scientific reasoning, in the center of the above-mentioned galaxies, there is an invisible “black hole” (since nobody has ever observed this black hole, I take the liberty of calling it a “void”) hidden inside the surrounding globe of densely-spaced stars, thus preventing observation of the void's make-up as well as what is happening within it. This void makes sense when taking into account the images of the explosively distributed matter. An empty space followed by a dense concentration of stars, gradually distributed more diffusely towards the outer edges of the galaxy is consistent with the aftermath of an explosion propelling matter away from its origin.

So if the observed images relive? the fact that each galaxy originates from the explosive action emanating from one point, rather than the from the conventional view of gravitational build-up, then we are left with the logical question: What is the source of this explosive event? The answer has to lie within and beyond the theoretical particle matter. In particle physics, the quest for defining mass, dark matter, and Higgs boson and explaining how they link with characteristic properties of energy, gravity, and spin still remain a mystery. In order to sort out these entities and their factual functions, the process of combination and elimination may be in order. Due to the similarity of the characteristic properties of mass, dark matter, and Higgs boson, they may well be one and the same entity. For example, the particles of mass, dark matter, and Higgs boson are all made up of mass, hence they all possess the intrinsic property of gravity. Gravity's active pulling force which affects the behavior of a near-by object indicates that work is in progress, thus some form of energy is in use. The spinning motion exhibited in all matter is also at work, from the rotating components of a galactic system down to elementary sub-atomic particles, and is one of the controlling factors in how matter behaves, and therefore can also be an active component in primeval particle matter. So taking into account all the above factors, the entity of “Dark Matter” possesses mass, gravity, spin, and energy; thus it includes all the essential components for the creation of active matter.

Dark Matter, (DM) could be the source accumulating meteorically fast-moving objects of kinetic energy and leading to the events evolving into galactic systems, such as the explosive action of a highly
compressed object of DM. Furthermore, since in the visual universe all observed objects are in fast linear motion and colliding occasionally, one can likewise assume that all invisible objects are also in
fast forward motion. Moreover, in the visual universe, galaxies collide by soft landing action due to their enormous size and to the long distances between objects in the galaxy system, and so the potential
for impact of these moving objects is minimal. On the other hand, in the universe of DM particles (unlike elementary sub-particles), there is no internal system activity, so the accumulation caused by
gravity creates solid, heavy moving objects. Also, DM which is estimated to consist of over 80% of universal mass, yielding numerous objects of accumulating DM that are moving in random directional path. Therefore, the potential for colliding events which create matter for new evolving galaxies are unavoidable and have obviously happened billions of times.

Why are there different shapes of galaxies in rather chaotic orientation appearing in the deep field images? The answer to this phenomenon can be explained by the concept of the recycling universe,
where explosive action initiates the birth of galaxies. For example, if a single accumulated DM object which is ignited by extreme pressure, then the distribution of matter is spherical. In order to create an
elliptical distribution of matter, a near head-on collision of two objects is required. The more complicated variety of spiral galaxies could be the result of the collision of two fast-spinning objects and of the angle of the impact as they collide. Furthermore, the chaotic orientation of galaxies, by logical reasoning, fits the concept of the recycling universe where galaxies have no common direction for linear motion. In contrast, in the BB inflating model of galaxy distribution, all primeval matter expands radially from a common center and the direction of the fast-moving matter's motion has a common influence upon the orientation and formation of all evolving galaxies. The fact that this model lacks uniformity proves that it doesn't coincide with the Hubble deep field pictures. Hence, all above described circumstances be the support of my proposed recycling universe.

How the universe operates is an interesting and open topic for debate. In my view, the operation of the BB model is not convincingly explained, and doesn’t agree with the observable sector of the universe. Hence, the quest for an alternate explanation should be in order. In the sense, the universe is a mechanical system; therefore, all observable and invisible matter operates within the mechanical means. The operation of the universe is easier to solve by exploring how the galaxies evolve and use these galaxies as building blocks for the universe. So, how the galaxies evolve? Besides, the BB model where fast inflating particle matter has no workable mechanism for the accumulative action.


Jaakko Kurhi