According to the OMB the manned Saturn V program from 1964 to 1973 cost $6,416,835,000 in nominal dollars.
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apol...opriations.htm
Using the Treasury's Consumer Price Index to adjust these figures to modern values as of 2016 we have;
Nominal Dollars Year 2016 Dollars CPI Adj.
$ 763,382,000 1964 $5,952,631,210
$ 964,924,000 1965 $7,404,765,510
$1,177,320,000 1966 $8,783,715,630
$1,135,600,000 1967 $8,218,786,000
$ 998,900,000 1968 $6,938,594,770
$ 534,453,000 1969 $3,520,239,490
$ 484,439,000 1970 $3,018,117,400
$ 189,059,000 1971 $1,128,420,820
$ 142,458,000 1972 $ 823,833,250
$ 26,300,000 1973 $ 143,186,320
The total NASA budget for the Saturn V in current 2016 dollars (December 2016) is $45,932,290,400 for the Saturn V alone. Development and operations inclusive. It did not include the F1 development and the work done prior to the formation of NASA done by the US DOD.
The interesting thing is that when lunar flights began in 1968 the portion of the NASA budget dedicated to Apollo was less than 70% - and over the entire Apollo programme it totalled only 34% of all expenditures! Peak spending on the programme was two years prior to actual flights.
Is NASA really the best way to explore space? NASA styled itself in the 1950s as a modern day successor to NACA in 1915 - saying that NACA should be re-invented in the modern age. The political melieu in which it found itself was one where the Soviets flew Sputnik and Laika (the first dog on orbit) into space, whilst the USA's Vanguard project failed upon its first launch.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVeFkakURXM
NASA we were told then will help in the next 43 years to develop space travel and space commercilisation just as NACA helped organise and develop air travel and its commercialisation in NACA's first 43 years.
By this measure NASA has not lived up to its promises. From 1915 to 1958 is 43 years. Add 43 years to 1958 and you get 2001. We expected that by 2001 we would have an aerospace industry as large and as vital as the aviation industry in 1958.
Acording to the Air Transport Association of America In 1958 there were 56 airlines operating in the USA serving 721 cities with 1848 aircraft, offering 121,839 seats daily - excluding Alaska. The airlines and aircraft industries employed 166,408 people and carried 44,500,000 people a year along with 248,580,000 ton miles of air mail and 643,792,000 ton miles of air freight earning $2,882,522,000 nominal dollars worth $24,110,602,510 million 2016 - per year.
In contrast since 1958 NASA has launched 219 manned spacraft into space carrying 1,167 people into space over 8 programmes at a cost of over $1 trillion and spends $18.4 billion a year currently, with zero capacity to launch people into space.
Program Launch People
Mercury----- 6 6
Gemini------ 10 20
Apollo------- 11 33
Skylab------ 3 9
Apollo Soyuz 1 3
Shuttle Mir-- 9 63
Shuttle----- 135 945
ISS-------- 44 88
TOTAL----- 219 1167
Its not how much money is being spent, but how effectively it is being spent.
The Jet Age began in October 1958 with Pan American's introduction of the jet airliner
https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitio...e/jetage02.cfm
This is one of the reasons Arthur Clarke protrayed the Pan Am logo on the space liner portrayed in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey.
http://www.space.com/32258-orion-spa...to-essay..html
Working in conjunction with a space station and a nuclear powered moon rocket - to provide regular service into space and to and from the moon.
http://cinefex.com/blog/aries-1b/
A nuclear electric rocket that was very similar to HiPEP High Power Electric Propulsion (HiPEP) is a variation of ion thruster for use in nuclear electric propulsion applications. The HiPEP thruster produces ions are using microwaves in a powerful magnetic field. Ionization is achieved through Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR). The microwave frequency matches the gyrofrequency and a resonance is established. Energy efficiently creates ions and accelerates them to 60 km/sec to 90 km/sec. The system achieves 100 kg/KW of power - and since advanced power plants can achieve kW of power per kg, this system can be used to land vehicles on low gravity bodies like the moon, and take off.
These spacecraft were modelled to match the carrying capacity of the Boeing 707 - 4 crew, 5 flight attendants 105 passengers. 49 tons empty, 23 tons cargo passengers and crew. 72 tons overall. The 707 also carries 40 tons of jet fuel.
A two stage to orbit horizontal take off and landing vehicle that's propelled by an aerospike hydrogen and oxygen engines - with a 7% structure fraction - using zero boil off tanks -
49 tons - manned structure & supplies
23 tons - cargo passenger crew
72 tons - total payload
25.5 tons - hydrogen
140.3 tons - oxygen
17.9 tons - propulsion structure - stage two
255.7 tons - total stage two
99.0 tons - hydrogen
544.6 tons - oxygen
67.6 tons - propulsion structure - stage one
967.0 tons - total take off weight
The first stage takes off and glides back to the launch center to be reused with an eight hour turn around. The second stage goes to orbit and glides back to the lanch center to be reused with an eight hour turn around.
A 750 MW dedicated high temperature nuclear reactor is required for each launcher to convert water into LOX/LH2 at a sufficient rate to refuel the two stages every eight hours. This is a very compact reactor module - where 12 of these operate in the lunar booster described below. The development and sale of these high temperature hydrogen producing reactors and their deployment throughout the world, transform life on Earth - and make a huge income which helps fund the space flight operations. 400,000 of these supply the world with hydrogen and electrical power aplenty without using any fossil fuels. Petroleum coal and natural gas have dropped in volume, while their price is maintained, and the use of plastics increased dramatically.
The lunar booster has a 60 km/sec exhaust velocity and carries the same 72 tons - 49 tons is the manned structure budget, and 23 tons is the payload passenger and crew as before. The thrust to weight of HiPEP rockets are 20 to 1 - not including power plant. Power to weight achieved by the NERVA program was 430 kW/kg - so a HiPEP style rocket with 100 kW/kg - produces 4.3 kgf of thrust for each kg of nuclear power plant, and ion engine component weighs 0.22 kg. So, that's 4.3 kgf of thrust for every 1.22 kg of weight. A thrust to weight of 3.52 to 1 - and a specific power of 352 kW/kg of weight. To boost at 1/2 gee - triple that required to depart the moon - requires that 14.2% of the entire structure be ion engine and nuclear power plant. Adding this to our previous 7% structure fraction sizes all components - giving us a 21.2% structure fraction
http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph241/hamerly1/
Now, to travel to the moon in 8 hours instead of 4 days requires a slight increase in departure speed from 10.95 km/sec to 16.3 km/sec - an addition of 8.4 km/sec to the 7.9 km/sec orbital speed. Speed required for direct descent to the moon rises from 2.3 km/sec to 12.2 km/sec. A total of 20.6 km/sec. We add 12.2 km/sec when we fly back, and use aerobraking to slow to orbital speed and return to the space station. A total delta vee of 32.8 km/sec.
With an exhaust speed of 90 km/sec and a payload 72 tons we have enough now to figure out the masses of the moonship.
49 tons - manned structure & supplies
23 tons - cargo passenger crew
72 tons - total payload
45.6 tons - propellant (produced on the moon)
21.1 tons - nuclear electric propulsion (7.5 GW (2x that of Phoebus 2A))
11.4 tons - propulsion structure and shielding
149.1 tons - total take off mass on the moon
24.9 tons - total take off weight on the moon
74.6 tons - force - maximum thrust ion rockets
So, three of these lunar vehicles - fly to the moon daily - carrying 315 people to and from the moon. They leave Earth orbit boost for 29 minutes and arrive at the moon landing 7.5 hours later - after boosting 42 minutes to come to zero speed at zero altitude on the moon. They stay on the lunar surface for four hours - refueling - and return to Earth orbit - boosting another 42 minutes at 1/2 gee - and then slowing down using aerobraking - spending another 4 hours in Earth orbit, before departing again for the moon.
Three lunar vehicles cycle continuously between Earth and Moon for each launcher described above - providing three launches per day.
To match the airline industry of 1958 - 129,839 seats daily - 412 launchers and 1,236 deep space craft would have to be operated by 56 space lines from 721 American cities. An average of 0.57 launchers and 1.7 lunar craft for each city. Smaller cities share a launcher - larger ones have one or two operating from their space port. Most larger cities have one. Named after the city by tradition established in the 1980s - and the three lunar craft named after a city notable - with the name of the city added - The Spirit of St. Louis is the launcher - the the Lindberg serving the Spirt of St. Louis, the Bush serving the Spirit of St. Louis and the Armstrong serving the Spirit of St. Louis - for example.
There are 721 sister cities on the moon, and 129,839 seats daily - with an average lunar residency extending for a year 47.4 million people inhabit the moon, larger than most European countries. The moon is rich in rare earth materials associated with asteroid strikes on Earth. Precious metals, and rare Earth metals, total 83 tons world wide and are used widely in electronics and other important high tech industries. At 50 million per ton $4.2 billion per year - this is 100 kg per year and $5.8 million per year - per city -for use in distributed manufacturing systems.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=np8N9BzmdjY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeso1oX2iyI
* * *
NACA's mission statement: "...It shall be the duty of the advisory committee for aeronautics to supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight with a view to their practical solution..." By an Act of Congress Approved March 3, 1915
NACA According to Wikipedia;
In December 1912, President William Howard Taft had appointed a National Aerodynamical Laboratory Commission chaired by Robert S. Woodward, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Legislation was introduced in both houses of Congress early in January 1913 to approve the commission, but when it came to a vote, the legislation was defeated.
Charles D. Walcott, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1907 to 1927, took up the effort, and in January 1915, Senator Benjamin R. Tillman, and Representative Ernest W. Roberts introduced identical resolutions recommending the creation of an advisory committee as outlined by Walcott. The purpose of the committee was "to supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight with a view to their practical solution, and to determine the problems which should be experimentally attacked and to discuss their solution and their application to practical questions." Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt wrote that he "heartily [endorsed] the principle" on which the legislation was based. Walcott then suggested the tactic of adding the resolution to the Naval Appropriations Bill.[4]
According to one source, "The enabling legislation for the NACA slipped through almost unnoticed as a rider attached to the Naval Appropriation Bill, on 3 March 1915."[5] The committee of 12 people, all unpaid, were allocated a budget of $5,000 per year.
President Woodrow Wilson signed it into law the same day, thus formally creating the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, as it was called in the legislation, on the last day of the 63rd Congress.
The act of Congress creating NACA, approved March 3, 1915, reads, "...It shall be the duty of the advisory committee for aeronautics to supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight with a view to their practical solution...
NASA According to Wikipedia
From 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1.[14] In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch an artificial satellite for the International Geophysical Year (1957–58). An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard. After the Soviet launch of the world's first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The US Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to national security and technological leadership (known as the "Sputnik crisis"), urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. This led to an agreement that a new federal agency mainly based on NACA was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created in February 1958 to develop space technology for military application.[15]
On July 29, 1958, Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, establishing NASA. When it began operations on October 1, 1958, NASA absorbed the 43-year-old NACA intact; its 8,000 employees, an annual budget of US$100 million, three major research laboratories (Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, and Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory) and two small test facilities.[16] A NASA seal was approved by President Eisenhower in 1959.[17] Elements of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and the United States Naval Research Laboratory were incorporated into NASA. A significant contributor to NASA's entry into the Space Race with the Soviet Union was the technology from the German rocket program led by Wernher von Braun, who was now working for the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), which in turn incorporated the technology of American scientist Robert Goddard's earlier works.[18] Earlier research efforts within the US Air Force[16] and many of ARPA's early space programs were also transferred to NASA.[19] In December 1958, NASA gained control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a contractor facility operated by the California Institute of Technology.[16]