On Thursday, August 25, 2016 at 4:46:49 PM UTC+12, William Mook wrote:
On Thursday, August 25, 2016 at 4:16:04 AM UTC+12, wrote:
In sci.physics Robert Clark wrote:
Ok, I was engaging in a bit of hyperbole there. But even if these methods
could produce arbitrarily long nanotubes at 1/10th the maximum measured
nanotube strength, this would be a major change in materials science.
Bob Clark
Only in a few niche applications where weight and strength are competing
parameters.
For the vast majority of things there is no incentive to build them from
nanotubes.
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Finally, nanotechnology can now fulfill its potential to revolutionize
21st-century technology, from the space elevator, to private, orbital
launchers, to 'flying cars'.
This crowdfunding campaign is to prove it:
Nanotech: from air to space.
https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/n...ce/x/13319568/
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wrote in message ...
In sci.physics Robert Clark wrote:
American Journal of Nanomaterials
Vol. 4, No. 2, 2016, pp 39-43. doi: 10.12691/ajn-4-2-2 | Research Article
From Nanoscale to Macroscale: Applications of Nanotechnology to Production
of Bulk Ultra-Strong Materials.
Robert Clark
Department of Mathematics, Widener University, Chester, United States
http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajn/4/2/2/index.html
Next stop: the space elevator.
Nope, the next stop would be ANYTHING practical.
Bob Clark
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Finally, nanotechnology can now fulfill its potential to revolutionize
21st-century technology, from the space elevator, to private, orbital
launchers, to 'flying cars'.
The lack of flying cars has never been a materials problem. There have
been lots of flying cars built.
--
Jim Pennino
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9781455778638
Nanotube Superfiber Materials
Changing Engineering Design
Edited by:Mark J. Schulz, Vesselin N. Shanov and Zhangzhang Yin
ISBN: 978-1-4557-7863-8
Here's a 2013 book on the subject. Please review
Chapter 14 – Direct Dry Spinning of Millimeter-long Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Aligned Sheet and Yarn
Yoku Inoue
Ultralong multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays (forests) were grown by chloride-mediated chemical vapor deposition, in which iron chloride was used as a catalyst precursor. Highly spinnable millimeter-long arrays were grown with a very rapid growth rate of 100 μm/min. By stacking long-lasting carbon nanotube (CNT) webs, unidirectionally aligned CNT sheets were fabricated. The sheet was highly anisotropic in electrical and thermal properties and due to high alignment of the CNTs in the sheets. CNT yarns were fabricated using the millimeter-long CNTs and a detailed analysis of various postspin processes, including postspin twisting and multiply twisting, and their effect on CNT yarns were studied. Mechanical properties clearly depended on the dimensions of CNTs, where thinner and longer CNTs led to strong and stiff yarns. Large contacting surface areas in the yarns, brought by closer packing with high-aspect-ratio CNTs, were effective for higher van der Waals interaction leading to higher tensile properties. Growth of millimeter-long highly spinnable CNT arrays and the material properties of tailored large-scale CNT structures, including unidirectionally aligned sheets and spun yarns, are described.
http://www.mie.uth.gr/ekp_yliko/2_ma...harts-2009.pdf
Basically, materials that exceed anything known today are already in the lab, and are merely seeking the money to build the tools necessary to make them on a larger scale. The most obvious use is aerospace. Lightweight blow down micro-engines, lightweight high pressure ZBO cryogenic tanks, lightweight airframes, lifting surfaces, thermal surfaces - all can be reinvented using what is known today.
Those that bring these research results to fruition first, and do so reliably and cost effectively, will own the aerospace industry going forward - and challenge many other industries as well.
If you notice the authors, they are Russian, Chinese and Japanese. This suggests where the innovations will be coming from in the years ahead.
China is already pulling ahead in creating significant off-world infrastructure,
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/china...d-william-mook
And I had an opportunity to give a talk in Beijing a few years back;
https://vimeo.com/52213948
China's interest in such projects shows they're looking seriously at a replacement for the US dominated petro-dollar in a post-oil world (whether they use my approach or others, or many together)
Here's another post-oil solution - largely ignored in the West; nuclear energy;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNA-j4klKJo
Their approach has garnered a lot of orders - which gives strength to the BRICS nations monetary system.
http://russia-insider.com/en/busines...plants/ri10029
Chernobyl has had one beneficial effect, it has made the Russian power industry very flexible and customer oriented. As a result, they have come to do something the US power industry never could, they're selling tremendous amounts of power throughout the world at very affordable prices.
They also are very approachable. Anyone with a few dollars can do high quality research on low energy fusion and a host of other topics that are FORBIDDEN to do in the USA by a wide range of atomic secrets acts that are still in force, but not in force in post-Soviet Russia.
I mean, for $100,000 I can fund a significant study into the Jetter Cycle in Russia involving real experiments, while in the USA a physics professor won't even publish a private paper for that amount because it violates the prohibition to publish REAL (instead of fake estimated) cross section data for Lithium-6 and Deuterium - WHICH ARE STILL SECRET IN THE USA (and were secret in USSR before its collapse).
What goes for nuclear power goes for rocketry as well. Anyone can come along and sign a deal with the Russians for rocket and space technology;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h2HbczuBbw
and the two agencies together, working to develop nuclear rockets - COMMERCIALLY
http://www.techinsider.io/russia-dev...-engine-2016-1
Again, this relates to the fusion research I'm funding. Cockcraft-Walton generators were first invented in 1932 and are used today in the petroleum industry as neutron generators for sample characterisation. MEMS technologies that put powerful accelerators on a chip improve the efficiency of these things. An improved version would be a steady market!
But, in a UCLA team headed by chemistry professor James K. Gimzewski and physics professor Seth Putterman used a tungsten probe attached to a pyroelectric crystal to increase the electric field strength in a pyroelectric fusion generator of the Cockcraft-Walton type and produced massive increases in fusion rate.
They demonstrated a pyroelectric power source that produced fusion on a laboratory bench top device. The device used a lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) pyroelectric crystal to ionize deuterium atoms and to accelerate the deuterons towards a stationary erbium dideuteride (ErD2) target.
D+D fusion reactions took place, each resulting in the production of an 820 keV helium-3 nucleus and a 2.45 MeV neutron. The team anticipates applications of the device as a neutron generator and microthrusters for space propulsion.
Obviously the next step is to build arrays of the device across a wafer surface using Jetter cycle fusion which should be vastly more efficient! If done properly, these can become more than microthrusters! These could do major thrust - without the need of a heavy gamma shield. The neutron flux is absorbed by Lithium-6 or another fissile material, and produces significant heat.
High temperature lithium-ceramic materials are being looked at as electrolytes for improved batteries that are 3.3x the power density of todays Li-Polymer batteries;
http://electronics360.globalspec.com...0-c-and-beyond
Variations of this ceramic material made from Li-6 isotope or other sub-critical fissile materials make dandy heating elements for a nuclear thermal rocket that produces no net neutrons only alpha particles and heat!
More advanced versions produce alpha particles exclusively, directed by the externally applied electric fields that created them, in a large array across the propulsive surface of a vehicle!
Even more sophisticated, is using the alpha particle stream to ionise and direct massive quantities of air surrounding a vehicle multiplying thrust for the given power. A more direct version of this;
http://news.mit.edu/2013/ionic-thrusters-0403
At 110 Newtons per watt - Now, NHTSA says the average car weighs about 1,500 kg. Which means it would take 133 kW to maintain the average car in hover (not counting ground effect). Now the alpha particles come off the surface at at 5.47% light speed. Each gram of material releases 135 gigajoules of energy. So, 1 microgram per second - or 31.6 grams per YEAR is sufficient to maintain an automobile sized vehicle in constant hover!
http://bit.ly/2bRLwNO
http://bit.ly/2bCSnu3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns6MizLHyRk
Spread over the thrust surface, this is only a few mm thick. Every year or two you'd have to replace the covering, like your grand-dad had to buy new tires for his ancient velocipede.
Your home consists of a self leveling floor equipped with air curtain walls, and furnishings made with utility fog with fold-away appliances all powered by a compact fusion plant, and capable of travelling to any living site on demand. Pack all your things away in this 2 foot thick, 56 ft diameter platform, and get in your fusion powered flying car, and off you go, to any location you desire. All waste is processed on board with a range of algae grown under controlled conditions within the home that are automatically processed into nutrients to feed automated cell cultures that are continuously harvested and assembled with 3D food printers in any food clothing or furniture item you desire.
By mid 21st century there will be 9 billion people. What sort of geopolitical power would China or Russia have if they could build two billion homes and four billion flying cars in a relatively short period of time? What sort of economic power would they have if they could offer credit to buy these things? Parts to service them? Communications to connect them? Train them? Telerobotics to collect their labour?
With an exhaust velocity of 1647 km/sec a ship containing 0.55% inert propellant, easily attains orbit. Once in space, the ship then boosts at 1/10th gee using 16,470 km/sec exhaust - to any point in the solar system, and use very little propellant, maintaining the same power level.
The ship transitions freely from ionic air drive, to inert propellant drive, to direct alpha particle drive.