On Sunday, August 9, 2015 at 10:57:57 PM UTC+1, Brian Denzer wrote:

The reference to degrees traveled by Earth and Saturn:

https://play.google.com/books/reader...n&pg=GBS.PA174

Thanks for any assistance that might be offered.

Kind regards,
Brian

The original heliocentric astronomers founded their interpretations on the motion of the other planets as they completed their circuits through the Zodiac. For instance, Kepler on the motion of Mars in the same time the Earth completes the same circuit.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...retrograde.jpg

"Copernicus, by attributing a single annual motion to the earth,entirely rids the planets of these extremely intricate coils,leading the individual planets into their respective orbits,quite bare and very nearly circular. In the period of time shown in the diagram, Mars traverses one and the same orbit as many times as the 'garlands' you see looped towards the center, with one extra, making nine times, while at the same time the Earth repeats its circle sixteen times " Kepler Astronomia Nova 1609

The ratio between the motion of Mars in proportion to the Earth over a 16 year period can therefore be nailed down to a more detailed value . The later astronomers such as Huygens introduced days/hours/minute values allowed by the emergence of clocks which were not available at the time of Copernicus or Kepler.

It is absolutely crucial that Kepler's 'Lenten Pretzel' diagram is viewed as a tool referring the motion of the Mars to a moving Earth therefore it is not a geocentric description as empiricists assume. They believe if you plonk the Sun in the middle of the diagram then the looping motions disappear ( hence the disruptive double modeling of Newton) but that is unintentional vandalism in light of the approach Kepler took in context of the original discovery of Copernicus.