The antecedent framework which overlaps geocentric and heliocentric astronomy was based on the motions of the Sun and planets through the constellations where the Sun moved directly whereas the planets wandered against the same background -

http://community.dur.ac.uk/john.luce...n_ecliptic.gif

"Moreover, we see the other five planets also retrograde at times, and
stationary at either end [of the regression]. And whereas the sun
always advances along its own direct path, they wander in various
ways, straying sometimes to the south and sometimes to the north; that
is why they are called "planets" [wanderers]. Copernicus

The benefits of this system in both geocentric and early heliocentric astronomy is that it predicts astronomical events like eclipses as dates within the calendar system.

When accurate clocks started to emerge, these benefits were extended to exact times of astronomical events within the 24 hour day and calendar system but the trade-off was that the Sun also wandered with the planets through the same background stars within a celestial sphere format -

http://community.dur.ac.uk/john.luce...solar_year.gif

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2-TtcfmbrkI/maxresdefault.jpg


Projecting the Earth's rotational characteristics along with the 24 hour system as RA/Dec although the Lat/Long system takes priority for modeling remains the main issue to deconstruct and re-construct, however, the timelapse of a central Sun, the actual change in position of the stars to the orbital plane due to the Earth's orbital motion (minus daily rotation) and brand new perspective should bring colour back to astronomy.

The concerns of cosmologists, empirical astronomers and theorists may be back at pondering about 'big bang' concerns but the real substance is back at the beginning of heliocentricity where a number of major adjustments are necessary to bring it up to the level of space age imaging.