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Old November 16th 17, 08:21 PM posted to sci.astro.amateur
Gerald Kelleher
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Default Focus on RA/Dec modeling concluded

The manufacturing of apparent/true motions via absolute/relative space and motion was part and parcel of RA/Dec modelling. The original Sun centered astronomers would have balked at such a suggestion even though they were deficient in the matter of direct/retrogrades of the inner planets.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap160915.html

The geocentric astronomers saw the planets periodically accomplish loops so that Copernicus could rightly identify these illusions as the Earth overtaking the slower moving planets.

http://www.popastro.com/images/plane...ary%202012.jpg

The faster moving Venus displays a loop that is actual and not an illusion as dictated by it size increase and phases so these two differing perspectives sandwich the Earth's orbital motion.

The phony concept of apparent/ true motion by Newton surfaces as an unnecessary hypothetical observation that is out of context with the original arguments for a moving Earth and a stationary Sun -

“For to the earth planetary motions appear sometimes direct, sometimes
stationary, nay, and sometimes retrograde. But from the sun they are
always seen direct,…” Newton

This would tie in with Huygen's error of equating the motion of the Earth equivalent to the annual motion of the Sun in terms of the Equation of Time -

"Here take notice, that the Sun or the Earth passeth the 12. Signes,
or makes an entire revolution in the Ecliptick in 365 days, 5 hours 49
min. or there about, and that those days, reckon'd from noon to noon,
are of different lenghts; as is known to all that are vers'd in
Astronomy." Huygens

This was converted by Newton into a geocentric/heliocentric equivalency by forcibly introducing an idea of apparent/true motions in context of direct/retrograde motions -

"That the fixed stars being at rest, the periodic times of the five primary planets, and (whether of the sun about the earth, or) of the earth about the sun, are in the sesquiplicate proportion of their mean distances from the sun.... for the periodic times are the same, and the dimensions of the orbits are the same, whether the sun revolves about the earth, or the earth about the sun." Newton

It doesn't matter if ignorance,unfamiliarity or silliness is pleaded, it all reduces to a celestial sphere or clockwork solar system that intrudes into astronomical methods and insights. What began with a misuse of timekeeping has now spread to computers and software.