a_plutonium wrote:
(snipped)

I still have not been able to find a accurate data of how much mass the
Earth receives per minute from Cosmic Rays and from Gamma Rays. Is it a
figure that approaches the number of 2 billion kilograms of mass per
minute? I suspect the Fly's Eye Apparatus in Utah could answer that
question, but difficult to answer from the journal reports on Cosmic
Rays.

The crux of this book is that specific rate of mass increase of Earth
due to Cosmic Rays plus Cosmic Gamma Rays.

Another issue that this book should cover is how Earth got its vast
oceans of water. The current expected theory is the oceans came from
comets but the evidence is against that theory because the amount of
heavy water in comets is different from the amount in Earth's ocean
water.

So, here, maybe, Cosmic Rays may answer how Earth obtained its ocean
waters. If we imagine Earth bombarded by the minute with Cosmic Rays
(which are hydrogen nuclei) that these hydrogen nuclei enter Earth's
atmosphere or surface and combine with oxygen to form water.

So the formation or origin of water throughout the Solar System is
mainly via this mechanism of bombardment by Cosmic Rays. If this
is true then we can expect water to form on comets and satellites of
the Outer planets. We can expect water to form on the Moon or Mercury
or Venus or Mars but easily blown off some of those bodies by the
solar winds.

The main idea of this book is that the origin and creation and formation
of the Solar System was not due to a Nebular Dust Cloud but rather due
to a continual bombardment of Cosmic Rays over 5 to 10 billion years.
So that all the matter and mass of our Solar System came from the
accrual and accretion of Cosmic Rays and Cosmic Gamma Rays.

I noticed on report talking about Be9 and Be10 as sort of fossils
of Cosmic Rays. So I suspect that if beryllium is a good subject to
research then also water and heavy water should be a good subject
to research in connection with Cosmic Rays.

I also noticed in one research report that Cosmic Rays synthesize
oxygen, so that Cosmic Rays would have the ability to synthesize
the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms to form water.





I am looking for data on the Cosmic Rays that are oxygen nuclei.
Research papers claim 90% of Cosmic Rays are hydrogen nuclei and
9% are helium nuclei and the remaining 1% comprise up to iron
nuclei. So what proportion of the 1% remainder are oxygen nuclei?

So as to get some rough ballpark figure as to how much water can be
formed by incoming Cosmic Rays which are hydrogen nuclei and oxygen
nuclei and thus forge water in the planet atmosphere or surface.

I suspect this is how comets gain their water from cosmic rays
incident to the cometary surface.

Some may ask how do planets gain their elements beyond iron? And
that would probably be from the energetic Cosmic Ray or Gamma Ray
which can be 10^20 eV. Such energetic particles can transmute
an element from iron up to uranium.

Now this is very interesting if we can obtain all of Earth's water
from Cosmic Rays, because then we can date backwards and realize that
Earth must be older than 4.6 billion years and must be somewhere between
8 and 10 billion years old.

And also, we should have a rethink of the alleged Earth Moon collision
because of what such a collision would have done to Earth's Oceans.

A more plausible scenario of the Moon is that it was the rocky portion
of the Asteroid Planet before it was broken up. A Moon Earth collision
on the scale envisioned does not make sense as to Moon's ever increasing
distance away from Earth. So I doubt there was such a Moon Earth
collision some 4.5 billion years ago. There may have been a Moon capture
and some big asteroid ploughed into Earth giving Earth its 23 degree
tilt on axis but the Moon itself never collided with Earth but was
captured and is gradually moving further and further away.

A Moon Earth collision has more problems than what little it solves.
So I think this collision is more of a high-speculation than it is of
any resolution. It is extremely difficult of a mechanics to think the
Moon slammed into Earth some 4.5 billion years ago and then walked away
from Earth at ever increasing distance from Earth with as much mass
as it now has. The physical mechanics of that just do not work out.

So I think what really happened is that a big asteroid was absorbed
by Earth which created the 23 degree tilt on axis.

How do you get Earth covered in 70% water when it takes 10 billion years
to get all that water and to have a Moon collision some 4.5 billion
years ago is just not compatible of a scenario.

Archimedes Plutonium
www.iw.net/~a_plutonium
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies