This has fascinated me for a while; I must be overlooking something.
Seemingly the sun's rays hit the moon at an angle that often don't
make sense when considering the sun has set. See
http://www.jamesphotography.ca/moon.jpg which was shot about 1/2 an
hour following sunset. The camera was level.
We're observing 3-d objects in 3-d space, so distances make no
difference when analysing this from a geometry standpoint. And what
we're looking at isn't some curved inside-of-a-bowl phenomena; again,
it's all 3 dimensional.
Insights?
--jim