Although the Big Bang Theory is mathematically sound, the a priori existence
of a nearly infinite supermassive density from which the big bang arose is
an unsupported assumption that doesn’t make physical sense. Where did the
supermassive density come from? The nearly infinite supermassive density of
the original theory is in effect an uncaused cause. Using a Gravity
Implosion?Energy Explosion Model that has two sides to the equation of
galaxy and universe evolution (Pre-Bang Universe plus Post-Bang Universe), I
have developed an Ongoing Big-Bang Theory that accounts for hydrogen
nucleosynthesis within a very real supermassive density: The Quasar! I
redefined the “Big Bang” origin of hydrogen as a threshold point in a
physical process that has two sides to the equation, wherein particle fusion
of quark-gluon plasma into the atomic nucleus of hydrogen is the threshold
of a visible an Ongoing Big-Bang process.
This Ongoing Big-Bang Theory is based on a Gravity Implosion?Energy
Explosion Model that is similar to the process of stellar evolution. Stellar
evolution begins with gravitational collapse of a hydrogen nebula that
reaches the threshold of thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium, which
results in the stable equilibrium of each newborn star. In this Ongoing
Big-Bang Theory, Quasar evolution begins with gravitational collapse of dark
matter composed of pre- and non-atomic particles within a Pre-Bang Universe
that reaches the threshold conditions of quark-gluon particle fusion into
the atomic nucleus of hydrogen, which results in gravitational equilibrium
of a supermassive burning orb (Quasar) that explosively jettisons newly
formed hydrogen into surrounding regional space. This Ongoing Big-Bang
process floods surrounding space with hydrogen that transitions regionally
from plasma to ionic to atomic to molecular form, gathers into nebulae, and
collapses into first-generation stars. Therefrom, the evolution of the
galaxies occurs as an uninterrupted continuum beginning with the ignition of
this Ongoing “Big-Bang" process within the supermassive gravitational
density of the Quasar. Quasar is the first born star of a uniquely different
nature. Quasars are formed from pre- and non-atomic particles (dark matter)
that gravitationally collapse into a supermassive "black hole" density that
reaches the "Big-Bang" threshold of quark-gluon particle fusion into the
atomic nucleus of hydrogen. Plasma jets composed of protons and electrons
(Hydrogen!) are jettisoned by the explosive Ongoing "Big-Bang" process into
surrounding space. Ongoing saturation of surrounding space with hydrogen in
plasma, ionic, atomic and molecular form gradually evolves into a Radio
Galaxy. First generation star birth conditions are reached within the
radio-emitting hydrogen atmosphere and give rise to the first optical
evidence of stellar evolution in the form of active Blue Dwarf Galaxy.
Ongoing hydrogen formation fuels regional stellar evolution and the
resulting optical galaxy grows in size from E0 to E7 (Edwin Hubble
classification). Stellar evolution within the growing elliptical galaxy
transforms the galaxy content from young blue to old red stars
(Hertzsprung-Russell diagram) culminating in supernova explosions that
regionally change the atomic composition of the galaxy's star forming areas,
which systematically accounts for the regional distribution of Population I
and Population II Stars within the galaxy, thereby defining stellar
formation and optical galaxy anatomy for each stage of galaxy growth and
evolution. Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) formation resulting from Ongoing
"Big-Bang" nucleosynthesis of hydrogen within the Quasar and regional
stellar evolution at galaxy center result in the gradual formation of
circumnuclear rings of atomic-molecular dust. The accumulation and
centrifugal spread of this intragalactic dust is what changes the shape of
the galaxy from spherical to elliptical (E0 to E7) and results in
morphological conversion from ellipse to disk (S0). Ongoing massive dust
formation within the AGN region spills into bars and spiral arms of visible
atomic-molecular dust which centrifugally reshapes the growing mass and
density of the galaxy from elliptical into spiral form (Sa to Sc).
In summary, Ongoing "Big-Bang" nucleosynthesis of Hydrogen leads to regional
Stellar Evolution. Regional Stellar Evolution leads to sequential fusion and
evolution of the Periodic Table of Atoms. Atomic-molecular coupling in the
AGN region leads to the gradual molecular formation of visible Galaxy Dust.
Ongoing formation of massive amounts of visible galaxy dust centrifugally
reshapes the galaxy from elliptical to spiral form. Atomic-molecular
amassment and evolution within the spiral plane of spiral galaxies accounts
for the formation of planets and the evolution of the creatures and
Microcosm of Man.
This entire theory is based upon the author’s insight that the supermassive
"black hole" density of the Quasar is the site of an Ongoing "Big-Bang"
process of quark-gluon particle fusion into the atomic nucleus of hydrogen.
Through this insight I have been able to define the entire Mainstream
Sequence of Galaxy Evolution and resulting Large Scale Structure of the
Universe. The entire scientific theory is available to everyone at the
following web site:
Origin and Evolution of the Universe, a Unified Scientific Theory by Paul
Hollister, M.D.
http://www.Origin-of-Universe.com
Author’s e-mail address: