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Old July 16th 11, 10:05 AM posted to sci.space.policy
William Mook[_2_]
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Posts: 3,840
Default Dust down those orbital power plans

The Voitenko Compressor is a shaped charge that concentrates a
chemical explosion to energy densities needed to set off a fusion
reaction - exceeding the Lawson criterion needed for most fusion
fuels.

Lithium 6 is an isotope of lithium that is deficient in a neutron. It
consists of 7.5% of all lithium. Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen
having a spare neutron. One in 6400 hydrogen nuclei are deuterium
nuclei.

Lithium-6 deuteride - is a form of lithium hydride - a powder - that
has these two types of nuclei.

When Lithium-6 deuteride is compressed and heated to over 100 million
degrees Kelvin, the two nuclei fuse and form two Helium-4 nuclei
releasing 576 trillion joules per kg.

A tiny fusion reaction started by a small chemical compressor may be
expanded to any size limited only by the availability of suitable
fuel.

Both lithium-6 and deuterium may be extracted from seawater by simple
processes at a cost of $20 per kg. This is equivalent to the heat of
burning 4,721 barrels of crude oil for $1.

Micro-electro-mechanical systems may be produced that operate as
Voitenko compressors costing only fractions of a penny per device in
quantity. A 1 micro-gram fuel element releases 1.58 mega-joules.
Detonated in a tank of working fluid, like water, every 21.8 seconds,
this produces a tank of steam that produces energy at a steady rate of
26,400 Watts thermal. Run through a steam turbine at an efficiency of
38% - this produces 10,000 Watts electrical - continuously. A system
like this in quantity would cost $500 and would contain 29 grams of
lithium deuteride fuel, which would be sufficient at this rate to
allow the turbine to operate continuously for 20 years. The cost of
the fuel would be $0.60 of the total price.

These would be suitable for powering and heating homes, offices,
factories and vehicles.

Producing these units at a rate of 75 million per year (about equal to
current world automobile production) and with a 20 year life span, 1.5
billion units could become operational over this period. At 10,000
watts each this represents the present energy consumption of the
entire world.

A supply chain to produce 300 million units per year (possible as a
crash measure, similar to the production of weapons in World War 2)
and with the same 20 year life span - the world's existing power
infrastructure would be replaced in five years and the world would
have a global capacity of 6.0 billion units - approximately 4x the
present power production on the planet. When applied usefully to
industry, this surplus energy would raise living standards throughout
the world.

For this reason I am putting in my Bergius coal-to-liquid systems a
means to extract deuterium from the 2,500 tonne per day hydrogen
stream per unit. 14 units x 2,500 tons per day / 6,400 x 2 amu/atom =
10.9 tonnes per day of deuterium. Another process extracts 436
tonnes of lithium from the ocean each day, and then separates out 32.7
tonnes per day of Lithium 6. The lithium and deuterium are combined
to produce 43.6 tonnes per day of fuel containing 25.11e+18 Joules of
energy. If this were all released in power plants this would
generate a total power level of 290.7 trillion watts - about 19x what
the world consumes per day.

While large by 20th century standards, this is just the 'proof of
concept' of the system. Hundreds of ships built each year need
thousands of tons per trip, which require expansion - as the means for
production is built up.

Capturing even a small portion of the world's energy markets, allows
this to be paid for.

There are 200 billion tons of lithium in the world's oceans. Only a
small fraction is used before opening resources off world.