On 4/14/10 12:16 PM, oriel36 wrote:
Being in a position to prove rotation once in 24 hours using cause and
effect only allows me to offer people a second chance to revisit the
great astronomical insights using the tools of modern imaging and all
those modifications and adaptations which are waiting for those who
can rise to a level of understanding of planetary dynamics whether it
is climate,geology,solar system structure,influence of the solar
system's galactic orbital motion on orbital dynamics and many,many
other things.

What you wrote is just word salad, Gerald!

Direct observation shows you are wrong about the 24 hours. And of
course galactic orbital motion has nothing to do with the planetary
dynamics of our solar system. Newton work out the basics and planetary
and celestial mechanics quickly followed.

You should get yourself a copy of:

EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL ALMANAC
Edited by P. Kenneth Seidelmann, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington D.C.
University Science Books Mill Valley, CA 94941 1992
Library of Congress Catalog Number: 91-65331
ISBN 0-935702-68-7


"In just the last
few years the International Astronomical Union has introduced subtle
changes in the reference frame used for the coordinates of celestial
objects, both within and far beyond our solar system. So sweeping are
these revisions that a highly respected work for professional
astronomers, the EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS,
published in 1961, is now seriously out of date. [The EXPLANATORY
SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL ALMANAC, published in 1992 replaces this
older work.] While the technical journals have seen a flurry of
scientific papers on these issues, [Meeus' book] is the first to offer
succinct and practical methods for coping with the changeover. It will
be many years before astronomical data bases and catalogs are fully
converted to the new system, and anyone who needs a detailed
understanding of what's going on will appreciate this book's many
comments about the FK4 and FK5 reference frames, 'equinox error,' and
the distinction between 'J' and 'B' when placed before an epoch like
2000.0.

"Scarcely any formula is presented without a fully worked numerical
example--so crucial to the debugging process. the emphasis throughout is
on testing, on the proper arrangement of formulae, and on not pushing
them beyond the time span over which they are valid. Chapter 2 contains
much wisdom of this sort, growing out of the author's long experience
with various computers and their languages. He alerts us to other
pitfalls throughout the text. Anyone who tries to chart the path of a
comet, for instance, soon encounters Kepler's equation. It has so vexed
astronomers over the years that literally hundreds of solutions have
been proposed; the striking graphs in Chapter 29 give a good idea why.

"We now live in a thrilling time for practitioners of the
number-crunching art. The four-function pocket calculators that were so
costly 20 years ago are now incorporated as a gimmick on certain
wris****ches. The memory capacity of the 1K RAM board in the pioneering
MITS Altair microcomputer is exceeded 500-fold by a single chip in some
of today's laptop and notebook computers. Who knows what other marvels
lie just ahead? By presenting these astronomical algorithms in standard
mathematical notation, rather than in the form of program listings, the
author has made them accessible to users of a wide variety of machines
and computer languages--including those not yet invented".

The primary purpose of this 760 page (completely revised and rewritten
to conform to the FK5 reference frame in current use) EXPLANATORY
SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL ALMANAC is to provide users of THE
ASTRONOMICAL ALMANAC with more complete explanations of the
significance, sources, methods of computation, and use of the data given
in the almanac than can be included annually in the almanac itself. The
secondary purpose is to provide complementary information that doesn't
change annually, such as conceptual explanations, lists of constants and
other data, bibliographic references, and historical information
relating to the almanac.

Many users of the almanac are not the professional astronomers for whom
it is primarily designed, and so this supplement contains some
explanatory material at an elementary level; it is not, however,
intended for use as a basic textbook on spherical and dynamical
astronomy. In some respects it does supplement such textbooks since it
is concerned with new concepts or new techniques.

This supplement differs in many respects from its predecessor, the
EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS AND THE AMERICAN
EPHEMERIS AND NAUTICAL ALMANAC. Vector and matrix notation have been
introduced and more diagrams have been provided. Simple conversion
tables and tables of quantities that can be calculated directly from
simple formulas have been omitted. Detailed step-by-step examples have
been omitted, and approximation methods have not been given. Most of the
text is new but historical material has been carried over for the
convenience of those who do not have ready access to the previous
supplement.

There is a tremendous amount of information and rigor in the EXPLANATORY
SUPPLEMENT. The following chapters (and some sub-chapters) give a little
insight into the content.

1. Introduction to Positional Astronomy
2. Time

3. Celestial Reference Systems
4. Terrestrial Coordinates and the Rotation of the Earth
The task of establishing or defining the terrestrial
coordinates of a point is inextricably linked to establishing
the rotation of the earth over time. The definition of any
terrestrial reference coordinate system is given by
establishing a celestial reference coordinate system and a
suitable transformation between them. This chapter includes
grid systems such as Longitude and Latitude, Universal
Transverse Mercator (UTM), Universal Polar Stereographic
(UPS), and so on, Geodetic Datums, and the Global Positioning
System (GPS).

5. Orbital Ephemerides of the Sun, Moon, and Planets
6. Orbital Ephemerides and Rings of Satellites

7. Physical Ephemerides of the Sun, Moon, Planets, and Satellites
8. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon

9. Astronomical Phenomena
9.1 General Aspects of the Night Sky
9.2 Configurations of The Sun, Moon, and Planets
9.3 Risings, Settings, and Twilight
9.4 Occultations
9.5 Pole-Star Tables
9.6 References
10. Stars and Stellar Systems

11. Computational Techniques
11.1 Introduction to Computing Techniques
11.2 Interpolation and subtabulation
11.3 Plane and Spherical Trigonometry
11.4 Matrix and Vector Techniques
11.41 Rotation of Axis Using Matrices
11.42 Spherical Coordinates Using Vectors
11.43 Spherical Coordinate Transformations
11.5 Numerical Calculus
11.6 Statistics
11.7 References
12. Calendars
This section includes: Introduction, The Gregorian, Hebrew,
Islamic, Indian, and Chinese Calendars as well as Julian
Day Numbers and Julian Date, The Julian Calendar, Calendar
Conversion Algorithms and References.

13. Historical Information
14. Related Publications
15. Reference Data

Glossary

Index


The last chapter, Reference Data, contains pages of Fundamental
Constants, Time and Standard Epochs, constants relating to the Sun,
Earth, and Moon, Geodetic Reference Systems, Planets: Mean Elements,
Planets: Rotational Data, Planets: Physical and Photometric Data,
Satellites: Orbital Data, Satellites: Physical and Photometric Data,
Planetary Rings and on and on.